HITCHCOCK AND CHASE NORTH AMERICAN GRASSES. 49 



" Gramen orientale spicatum fruticosum spinosum, spicis ecliinatis in capi- 

 tuluin congestis. Tournef. cor. 39. 

 " Habitat in America." 



The description of a sessile lateral head does not apply to any 

 grass known to us. In the second edition of the Species Plantarum x 

 the habitat is changed to "Armenia." There is no specimen of this 

 species in the Linnaean Herbarium. 2 The illustration given in 

 Alpino's work 3 does not represent any species of grass. It appears 

 more like a species of Salicomia. The plant is described as creeping 

 in wet places, in the island of Crete. 



Panicastrella Micheli, cited by Linnaeus as a synonym in the 

 Genera Plantarum, is discussed above. Both Micheli's phrase names 

 are referable to C. echinatus. 



Of the two species of Linnaeus to which his generic description 

 applies C. echinatus is taken as the type of the genus. 



Subsequent to 1753 the first and second species were each made the 

 type of a distinct genus. Nazi-a Adans. 4 was based on G. racenzosus, 

 and Echinaria Desf. 5 on C. capitatus. Recently Lunell 6 proposed 

 the name Nastus (giving Dioscorides as author) for " Cenchrus 

 frutescens Linn." " Not Cenchrus Hippokrates." Supposing C. 

 frutescens L. to be congeneric with our American species of Cenchrus, 

 Lunell transfers C. carolinianus Walt, to Nastus. The name Nastus 

 Lunell is antedated by that of Jussieu, 1789, for a genus of Bam- 

 boseae. 



Two generic names based on species now included in Cenchrus have 

 been proposed. These are : 



Raram Adans. Fam. PI. 2 : 35, 597. 1763. No species are given. The generic 

 synonyms are: " Amongeaba. Pis. 120." (discussed above); "Panicastrella. 

 Mich. t. 31." (discussed above) ; " Gramen. Pluk. t. 92. f. 30," cited by Linnaeus 

 under Cenchrus echinatus; " Echinaria. Heist." 1 , presumably the same as 

 Echinaria Desf., to which Linnaeus's second species of Cenchrus is now re- 

 ferred ; " Cenchrus. 3. Lin. Spec. 1050.," which is C. echinatus. Selecting a type 

 species by reference to Linnaeus's Species Plantarum, C. echinatus is taken as 

 the type of Raram. 



Cenchropsis Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 109. 1327. 1903. "Type, 

 Cenchrus myosuroides H. B. K.," the only species included. This is distin- 

 guished (in the key, page 51) by an involucre of numerous rigid bristles 

 thickened at the base, from Cenchrus which is said to have an " involucre of 

 two spine-bearing valves." 



1 1489. 1763. .. - J^ / 



2 See Munro^Proc. Linn. Soc. 6 : 55. 1862. 



8 De Plantis Exoticis 104. 1627. 



4 Fam. PL 2 : 31, 581. 1763. 



6 Fl. Atlant. 2: 385. 1799. 



6 Amer. Midi. Nat. 4: 214. 1915. 



7 Heister (Syst. PI. Gen. 12. 1748) lists this name among others under " Graini- 

 neae. Ordo 1. Monaclinae." There is nothing to indicate to what genus it 

 refers. 



