AMERICAN GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS. 117 



Paspalum distichum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 855. 1759. 



There is no indication on the sheet as to the source of the specimen, though Munro 

 states that it is from Browne. The specimen belongs to this species as generally under- 

 stood. Spikes 2 or 3; spikelets 3 mm. long, acute, pubescent on the convex side. 



Panicum glaucum L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753. 



The type and form fi are from the Old World but y is based on "Panicum spica 

 simplici, aristis aggregatis flosculo subjectis. Gron. virg. 134." This last form is 

 represented by Clayton no. 579 and is the ordinary form of Chaetochloa glauca (L.) 

 Scribn. 



Panicum crusgalli L. Sp. PL 56. 1753. 



One sheet marked "K" is the ordinary small form of this species. This specimen 

 must be considered the type, since it agrees with the description and is the only one 

 to which Linnaeus has attached the name. Pinned to this are two other sheets both 

 from Gronovius. One is the large-panicled , short-awned form, with stout erect culms 

 and is the same as the plant in the Gronovius herbarium, cited in Gron. Fl. Virg. as 

 Clayton no. 591, and bears the label, "591 panicum arvense paniculis fuscis densiori- 

 bus glumis hispidis aristis brevioribus," which is quoted by Gronovius. On the 

 second sheet is the large-panicled, long-awned form with hispid sheaths, now called 

 Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Nash. It bears the label, "579 pi. 2 Panicum arundina- 

 ceuni spica ampla densa hispida purpurea longis aristatis Clayt.," which is mentioned 

 by Gronovius, a who also'quotes the Bauhin citation given by Linnaeus under /?. This 

 is, therefore, the specimen upon which the locality "Virginiae cultis" is based and 

 represents Linnaeus's idea of Panicum crusgalli fi. 



Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. PI. 57. 1753. 



The specimen upon which Linnseus has written the name is marked "H U" and is 

 the ordinary form of this species, Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac, as is another 

 sheet pinned to this with a citation from Sloane. Linnaeus cites " Gron. virg. 154," in 

 his description. The plant, Clayton no. 457 , could not be found at the British Museum, 

 but there is no doubt that Gronovius was describing our ordinary crab-grass — a name 

 which he uses. Linnaeus also cites "Sloan. Hist. 1, p. 113. t. 70. f. 2," a synonym 

 which, however, does not affect the identity of the type. In Sloane's herbarium two 

 specimens are covered by this citation. One is Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv., the 

 other L. mua'onata (Michx.) Kunth, but the plate is taken from the former. This 

 plate is cited under Cynomrus virgatus in the Systema Naturae, & and under both 

 Cynosurus virgatus (page 106) and Panicum sanguinale (page 85) in the second edition 

 of the Species Plantarum (1762). 



Panicum filiforme L. Sp. PL 57. 1753. 



The sheet taken as the type is marked "K" and is the ordinary form, Syntherisma 

 fdiformis (L.) Nash. A second sheet, also marked "K," has this and a specimen of 

 Muhlcnbergia schreberi Gmel. A third sheet marked " H U" is Syntherisma sanguinalis 

 (L.) Dulac. 



Panicum dichotomum L. Sp. PL 58. 1753. 



Linnaeus's specimen, marked "K", is Panicum microcarpon Muhl. (P. barbulatum 

 of our manuals, not Micbaux). Nodes barbed, spikelets 1.5 mm. long. Munro states 

 that this is "the plant described by A. Gray as dichotomum. " The latter, however, 

 has smooth nodes and spikelets 2 mm. long. It should be noted that since Linnaeus 

 gives no description of his own but quotes that of Gronovius the plant of Gronovius 

 becomes the type. Gronovius 's specimen (Clayton no. 458) consists of two plants, 

 one of which is the P. dichotomum of our manuals and the other P. oligosanthes Schultes. 

 The description applies better to the former, which should therefore be taken as the 

 type. This retains the name in the traditional sense. 



oFL Vim. ed. 2. 13. 1762. &EcL10. 2: 876. 1759. 



