28 BULLETIN 183, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
eties are satisfactory, even to the extent of supplying surplus malting 
energy. 
The upper Mississippi Valley is a section of high-nitrogen barleys. 
For the most part the crop is of the small-berried 6-rowed Manchuria 
or Oderbrucker type. It is in this region that the greatest divergence 
of demand is felt. A majority of the malt consumers of the North- 
west use malt adjuncts. Indeed, this custom may be said for all 
intents and purposes to be universal. They demand a barley of high 
diastatic power, so as to convert the various forms of grits added to 
the normal starch endosperm of the malt. This demand is not in 
conflict with the facts of scutellar secretion. The diastatic power of 
small-berried barleys is simply a matter of the shape and size of the 
scutellum. If this power can be increased in any barley, it can also 
be increased in Manchuria barley. <A greater diastatic power would 
allow the use of a grain with a larger starch endosperm and would 
result in a higher percentage of extract without any loss in the desired 
excess of diastatic energy. The Manchuria as it is sold on the Chi- 
cago markets does vary considerably in this respect. The compari- 
son of a good-malting Manchuria with a poor-malting Manchuria bar- 
ley showed that in the good barley 83 per cent of the grains had a 
scutellum of desirable type, while in the poor barley only 16 per cent 
were of this type. 
Two-rowed barleys grown in the upper Mississippi Valley are likely 
to be much more vigorous in enzymatic action than has been thought. 
From all the tests of the writers these barleys are shown to be of 
rather high nitrogen content. This means that the grain possesses 
an embryo stimulated to a growth such as would provide diastase for 
an exceptionally large endosperm. It also means that such an endo- 
sperm has not been developed, that much of the space in the starch 
cells is occupied by proteid contents, and that these cells will be com- 
paratively easily broken down. Such being the case, it is more than 
probable that 2-rowed barleys grown in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Lowa, 
and the Dakotas will be found to be able to convert a considerable 
amount of added starch, if handled so as to develop their greatest 
efficiency. 
MODIFICATIONS POSSIBLE BY CULTURE. 
The scope of this bulletin does not admit of a full consideration of 
one subject intimately connected with barley structure, namely, the 
great changes produced by different methods of cultivation, for a full 
understanding of this subject would involve a discussion of principles 
of plant breeding and methods of barley farming too extensive to 
be herein included. But at least a brief statement of the correlation 
between the two is necessary at this point. It may be said in general 
that efforts to obtain by means of culture barleys of high enzymatic 
