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by tatties, or screens of matted grass, kept continually watered. 

 I therefore gave up my intention of seeing several places within 

 a few miles of the city; like Thevenot, when he relinquished his 

 visit to the tomb of Jonah, on the banks of the Tigris; " from 

 there being no possibility of stirring abroad two hours after the 

 sun was risen, until an hour after it had set, the walls being so 

 hot, that half a foot from them the heat was as if it were from a 

 hot iron." 



Exclusive of the public aqueducts for conveying water to dif- 

 ferent parts of the city, which with most of the reservoirs and foun- 

 tains were now in ruins, were many private wells and gardens, the 

 gift of benevolent individuals; these extended in all directions from 

 the city gates; some yet remain, but are mostly involved in the 

 general ruin. Dr. Chandler's travels in Asia Minor give a pleas- 

 ins: account of these charitable donations, and an observation at 

 the conclusion, which I have no doubt operates powerfully on 

 the mind of the donor. " The number of these fountains is 

 owing to the nature of the country and the climate. The soil, 

 parched and thirsty, demands moisture to aid vegetation; and 

 a cloudless sun, which inflames the air, requires for the people 

 the verdure, shade and coolness, its agreeable attendants. Hence 

 they occur not only in the towns and villages, but in the fields and 

 gardens, and by the sides of the roads and of the beaten tracks on 

 the mountains. Many of them are the useful donations of hu- 

 mane persons, while living, or have been bequeathed as legacies 

 on their decease. The Turks esteem the erecting them as merito- 

 rious, and seldom go away, after performing their ablutions or 



