IXOS LUTEOLUS. 



(THE WHITE-EYEBROWED BULBUL.) 



Hcematornis luteolus, Less. Rev. Zool. p. 354 (1840). 



Pycnonotusflavirictus, Strickl. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, xiii. p. 413 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 



1845, xiv. p. 567 ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 210 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. 



p. 123 (1852); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 124 (flaviriatus 



errore) . 

 Pycnonotus luteolus, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. i. p. 243 (1854). 

 Criniger tickelli, Blyth, J. A. S. B. 1845, xiv. p. 571. 

 Ixos luteolus, Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. p. 84 (1863); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 450; Hume, 



Nests and Eggs, ii. p. 283 (1874); Ball, Str. Feath. 1874, p. 410, et 1876, p. 235; 



Fairbank, ibid. 1877, p. 405. 

 The Yellow-bellied Bulbul, The White-broived Bush-Bulbui 'in India; The Cinnamon-Thrush 



(Europeans in Ceylon). Poda-pigli, Telugu ; Pastro kondache, Portuguese in Ceylon. 

 Guluguluwa, Sinhalese. 



Adult male and female. Length 7 - 4 inches ; wing3-l to 3'3 ; tail 3-0 to 3-2; tarsus OS to 095 : mid toe and claw 08 ; 

 bill to gape 0-8 to 0-9. 



Iris variable, rust-colour, dull red, or blood-red ; bill black ; legs and feet dusky-leaden blue or plumbeous. 



Above olivaceous brown, the edges of the feathers obscure greenish ; on the head the centres of the feathers are brown, 

 edged with greyish, below the eye and a broad stripe from nostril above it white, with a dark brown dividing line 

 above the lores ; quills and wing-coverts edged with greenish ; the tail the same but duller, the exterior feathers 

 tipped with yellowish grey ; shafts reddish brown ; ear-coverts brownish ; beneath whitish, washed with brownish 

 on the chest, and becoming yellowish on the lower breast and abdomen ; vent, under tail-coverts, and under wing- 

 coverts pale sulphur-yellowish, showing rather conspicuously beneath the carpal joint. Some examples have the 

 feathers of the chest more markedly edged with yellowish than others. 



This Bulbul is in a constant state of moult, affecting its plumage chiefly at the back of the neck, which part is often 

 quite bare. 



Young. Iris not so bright a red as in the adult. Plumage similar. 



Obs. Two examples from South India measure in the wing 3 - 3 and 3 - 4 inches respectively : one is identical with 

 Ceylonese specimens, the other is tinged with rusty ; the throat and vent are more tinged with yellow than in my 

 examples of our bird. 



Another Ixos from South India, found on the Eastern Ghats, is /. xantholamus, Jerdon, the " Yellow-throated Bush- 

 Bulbul." It has the head, face, and occiput dusky yellowish green, the chin and throat yellow ; hind neck and 

 back ashy grey ; wings and tail hair-brown, the margins of the feathers greenish ; under surface pale brownish 

 grey, under tail-coverts yellow. An example in the British Museum measures in the wing 3-15. 



A more closely-allied Bulbul to 1. luteolus is I", analis from Java. It has very much the appearance of our bird, but 

 the lores and a ring round the eye are black, the supercilium is very broad and spreads at the back of the eye over 

 the face and ear-coverts ; the brown of the upper surface is more ruddy than in luteolus, and the tail-feathers not 

 margined with greenish ; throat whitish buff ; under tail-coverts and vent yellow ; the under surface greyish, the 

 centres of the feathers on the chest brown. The wings of examples in the national collection measure from 3-4 

 to 3-5 inches. I instance this species to show, as in the case of Criniger simplex, how nearly allied the avifauna 

 of Java is to that of Ceylon. 



Distribution. — This soberly-clad and familiar bird is one of the commonest and best-known species in 

 Ceylon ; it is very abundant in most parts of the low country both in the north and south of the island, 

 and is especially so in the maritime districts. In the low jungle-covered tracts round the whole of the north 



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