MUNIA MALABARICA. 



(THE PLAIN BROWN MUNIA.) 



Loxia malabarica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 305 (1766). 



Mania malabarica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 117 (1849); Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. 



p. 357 (1863); Holdsw. P.Z.S. 1872, p. 464; Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 209; Adam, 



t. c. p. 387 ; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 25 ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1875, p. 496 ; 



Fairbank, ibid. 1876, p. 261; Ball, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 222; Cripps, t. c. p. 293. 

 Amadina malabarica, Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. p. 125 (1854); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 



Hist. 1854, xiii. p. 258. 

 Malabar Grosbeak, Latham ; Malabar Finch, Kelaart ; Pin-tailed Munia, The Pin-tailed 



Finch of some in India. Charchara, Hind., N.W. Prov. ; Chorga, Hind, in North ; 



Piddari, Hind, in South and Central India ; Sar-munia, Bengal. ; Jinuwayi, Telugu. 



Adult male. Length 4-9 inches ; wing 2-1 to 2-2 ; tail 2-0 ; tarsus 0-55 ; middle toe and claw 0-6 ; bill at front 0-37 ; 

 central rectrices in fine specimens 025 inch longer than the next pair. 



I-',, mill. Somewhat smaller ; wing 2-05 inches ; tail 1-7. 



Iris brown ; bill, upper mandible dusky leaden, lower bluish ; legs and feet lilac or mauve in some. 



Above pale earth-brown, darkest on the head ; wings and tail deep brown, the dark colour on the wing confined to the 



Genus ESTEELDA. 



Bill smaller, more compressed towards the point, and more flattened at the base than in Munia ; tarsus slenderer 

 and proportionately longer ; hind claw long. Of smaller size than Munia ; bill red. The male acquiring a breeding- 

 plumage in some species. 



ESTEELDA AMANDAVA. 

 (THE RED WAXBILL.) 



Fringilla amandava, Linn. Syst. Nat. i.p. 319 (1766). 



Estrelda amandava, Jerdon, Cat. B. S. India, Madr. Journ. 1839, xi. p. 26: Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. US 

 I L849); Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. p. 359 (1863); Legge, J. A. S. (Ceylon Branch), 1870-71, p. 53 (first record 

 from Ceylon); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 464; Hume, Nests and Eggs, ii. p. 454 (1874) ; Legge, Ibis, 1S74, 

 p. 25 ; Butler & Hume, Str. Eeath. 1875, p. 496. 



Amaduvad Finch, Edwards, Birds, pi. 355. fig. 1. 



Amaduvad, Europeans in India. Lai (mate), Munia (female), but usually Lal-munia, Hind.; Terra jinuwayi, Telugu. 



Adult male (Colombo, June). Length 4-1 inches ; wing 1*6; tail 1-7; tarsus 0-5 ; middle toe and claw 0-62 ; bill at 



front 0-4. 

 Iris vermilion, blackish at the base of upper mandible ; legs and feet fleshy reddish gre} r . 



Breeding-plumage. Head, upper tail-coverts, throat, chest, and breast crimson, changing on the hind neck and back 

 into brownish crimson, the bases of the feathers very brown and the tips crimson; upper tail-coverts with terminal 

 white spots, preceded by a dark edge ; wing-coverts and tertials with a round termiual spot of white on each 

 feather ; lores black ; orbital fringe white ; breast and flanks white-spotted, with the wing-coverts, lower breast, 



