TOTANTJS CALIDRIS. 



(THE COMMON REDSHANK.) 



Scolopax calidris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 245 (1766). 



Tringa gambetta, Gm. ed. Syst. Nat. i. p. 671 (178S). 



Totanus calidris (Linn.), Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 284 (1803); Gould, B. of Eur. iv. 

 pi. 310 (1837); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 2GG (1849); Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, 

 p. 215 (1853); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 2G5 ; Irby, Ibis, 1861, 

 p. 239 ; Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Scolopaces, p. 65 (1864); Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 702 

 (1S64); Legge, Ibis, 1866, p. 420; Layard, B. South Afr. no. 611 (1867); Blanford, 

 Zool. Abyss, p. 483 (1870); Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 406; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 474 j 

 Gould, B. Gt. Brit, iv. pi. 54 (1873) ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 255 (1872); Hume, Str. 

 Feath. 1873, p. 248, et 1874, p. 279 ; Von Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 1165 (1874) ; 

 Salvadori, Uccelli di Born. p. 328 (1874) ; Irby, B. of Gibraltar, p. 166 (1875) ; Walden, 

 Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 234 (1875); Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 402; Dresser, B. of Europe, 

 pt. 39 (1875) ; Blanford, Zool. Persia, p. 285 (1876) ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 

 1876, p. 18; Scully, t. c. p. 189; Armstrong, t. c. p. 348; Davidson & Oustalet, Ois. 

 de la Chine, p. 404 (1877); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.), p 464 ; Cripps, 

 ibid. 1S7S, vii. p. 304 ; Hume, ibid. 1879 (List of Ind. B.), p. 113. 



Gambetta calidris (Linn.), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 597 (1856). 



Le Chevalier aux pieds rouges, Buffon; Gambetta, Chevalier raye, Buffon; Gambet Sand- 

 piper, Striated Sandpiper, Latham ; Tureluur, Dutch ; Chalreta, Portuguese ; Xasto- 

 jaschy-ulit, Russian. Chotabatan, Hind. (Jerdon) ; Malice Jcotan, Tamil. 



Maha watuwa, Sinhalese. 



Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length l'l'O to 11*5 inches ; wing 0-0 to G - 4o ; tail 2-G to 2-7 ; tarsus 1/9 to 2-05 ; 



bare tibia - 8 to 1*0 ; middle toe and claw 1/3 to 1/35 ; bill to gape 1-85 to 2-02 ; expanse 1*95 to 2-0. " "Weight 



6 07.." (Hum* ). 

 Iris reddish or yellowish brown ; bill black ; upper mandible with the base as far as the nostril reddish, and nearly 



half the under mandible red (the amount of red variable); legs and feet orange-red, joints in some greyish. 



Winter plumage. Head, hind neck, interscupular region, tertials, and wing-coverts glossy cinereous brown, the tertials 

 with pale edges and dark indentations ; lores brown, darkening just in front of the eye ; above them a white 

 streak, more or less lengthened into a supercilium ; primaries and their coverts blackish brown ; secondaries and 

 their coverts paler brown at the base ; the terminal third of the former and the tips of the latter, together with 

 the inner webs and terminal portion of the shorter primaries, white ; the coverts likewise have their outer edges 

 indented with white, and a bar of the same next the tip; 1st primary-shaft white; centre tail-feathers brownish 

 cinereous, indented with darker brown, remainder with the coverts white, barred with brown; chin, throat, breast, 

 lower parts, back, and rump white; the under tail-coverts with dark mesial lines ; lower part of face and sides of 

 throat striated with brown ; axillaries pure white; chest whitish, with the centres of the feathers brown, with 

 darker mesial lines, which are generally continued down on the breast. 



Summer plumage (Norway, June : British Museum). Wing 0-3 inches ; tail 2 - S ; tarsus 1*8 ; middle toe l - 25 ; bill to 

 gape 1-8. 



Forehead, lores, and face blackish brown, striated with white ; the throat and fore neck with more white, the edgings 

 of the feathers being broader and gradually increasing on the chest and lower parts, which may be said to be 

 white, boldly streaked with black everywhere, except on the abdomen ; crown and hind neck blackish brown, the 

 feathers on the former edged with rusty, the latter with greyish margius to the feathers ; lower part of hind neck, 



