TOTANUS GLABEOLA. 



(THE WOOD- SANDPIPER.) 



Tringa glareola, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 250 (1766). 



Totanus glareola (L.), Temm. Man. p. 421 (1815); Gould, B. of Europe, pi. 315 (1837) ; 



Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, ii. p. 215 (1853) ; Schrenck, Reisen u. Forsch. Amur-L. i. 



p. 416 (1860) ; Schl. Mus. P.-B. Scolopaces, p. 71 (1864) ; Layard, B. of S. Afr. 



no. 614 (1867) ; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 406 ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 259 (1872) ; 



Gould, B. of Gt, Brit. iv. pi. 57 (1873) ; Salvadori, Uccelli di Born. p. 327 (1874) ; 



Hancock, B. of North, p. 121 (1874) ; Von Heuglin, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 1163 (1874) ; 



Hume, Str. Feath. 1874, p. 298 ; Irby, B. of Gibraltar, p. 167 (1875) ; Legge, Ibis, 



1875, p. 276; Seebohm & Harvie Brown, Ibis, 1876, p. 291 ; Dresser, B. of Europe, 



pt. 57, 58 (1877) ; Blakiston & Pryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 220 ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 152. 

 Totanus affinis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 191 (1821) ; Gray & Hardw. 111. Ind. Zool. 



pi. 51. fig. 2 ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 222. 

 Bhyacophilus glareola (Linn.), Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 140 (1829) ; Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. 



1875, ix. p. 233 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 462, 1878, vii. p. 488, et 



1879, pp. 70, 113 (List Ind. B.). 

 Tringa littorea, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. p. 195 (1810). 

 Actitis glareola (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 267 (1849) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. 



Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 265; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 697 (1864) ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 



1872, p. 474 ; Legge, J. A. S. (Ceylon Branch), 1873, p. 53 ; id. Ibis, 1874, p. 29 ; 



Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 17 ; Armstrong, t. c. p. 344 ; Ball, ibid. 1878, 



vii. p. 228. 

 Shore-Sandpiper, Penn. Arct. Zool. ; Spotted Sandpiper of some ; Sandpaper, Snippet, Sports- 

 men in Ceylon ; Wald-JJferlaufer, German. Kodidi, Malay (Blyth) ; Chupka, Hind. ; 



Chinna-ulanJca, Telugu (Jerdon) ; Jung git batang, Borneo (Mottley) ; Kotan, Tamil. 

 Sili tvatuiva, Sinhalese. 



Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 8-4 to 87 inches ; wing 4-8 to 5-0 ; tail 2-0 ; tarsus 1-4 to 1-6 ; middle toe 



and claw 1-25 to 1-3 ; bill to gape 1-15 to 1-3. This species varies much in bulk, length of bill, and tarsus, but 



not hi wing. 

 Iris light or yellowish brown ; bill blackish or deep black-green, with the base beneath round the nostrils greenish 



yellow ; legs and feet yellowish olivaceous, the joints and toes darker ; in some the tarsus has a prevailing 



greenish tint. 



Winter plumage (Ceylon). Head, hind neck, upper back, wing-coverts, and tertials dark olive-brown, passing into 

 blackish brown on the rump ; the hind neck and head edged narrowly with greyish, the remaining parts with 

 marginal whitish spots blending into the brown, and with interspaces of blackish brown ; these spots are most 

 pronounced on the longer scapulars and tertials ; quills deep brown, 1st primary-shaft white ; the secondaries 

 and their greater coverts with white tips and terminal edges ; centre tail-feathers brown, closely barred with dusky 

 whitish ; remainder white, barred with blackish brown, chiefly on the outer webs of the lateral feathers ; upper 

 tail-coverts white, the longer feathers barred near the tip with blackish brown ; a dark stripe through the lores, 

 supercilium, round the eye, cheeks, chin, throat, and under surface white, washed on the chest and striped on 

 the cheeks with brown ; the feathers of the chest likewise with brown striae ; lateral under tail-coverts barred 



