TOTANUS GLAEEOLA. 859 



in this region. Glancing eastward we find it common in Upper Pegu (Oates), and abundant in the Irrawaddy 

 delta, wdiere Dr. Armstrong procured it near Elephant Point. At Tonghoo Captain Wardlaw Ramsay obtained 

 it ; and according to Mr. Hume it is pretty common throughout the province of Tenasserim. It was obtained 

 on the Pakchan in the extreme south. Further south, in the Malay peninsula, Mr. Hume notes it in his 

 ' List ' from Malacca, Pulo, Seban, and Nealys. In the Andamans it is not very common : it was found about 

 Pt. Blair by Mr. Davison, but in the Nicobars he did not meet with it. At Acheen, North-west Sumatra, 

 this gentleman obtained it on paddy-fields, but it was not numerous ; at the opposite extremity of the island 

 (Lampong) it has been recently procured by Mr. Everett. It appears to be generally distributed throughout 

 Borneo. Governor Ussher procured it in Lumbidan and on Moara Island and Labuan, while in the south 

 it is recorded from Pagattan, Banjermassing, and other places, as also from Sarawak on the west coast. 

 Forster met with it in Amboyna and in Celebes j and in the latter island Meyer lately procured it at Menado 

 and at Limbotto in July, which latter circumstance is very noteworthy. The specimen was probably immature 

 and non-migratory for the season. In Java it is not uncommon, and was described under a new name, 

 T. affinis,hj Horsfield. It occurs in the Philippines, but has only been, as yet, obtained in Luzon. 



As regards China, Swinhoe's remark concerning it is, " Hurries past in early autumn and returns late 

 in spring." So that it would seem that the birds passing through there must winter further south, in Cochin 

 China and Siam, perhaps, and in the Malay archipelago, though why the species does not lodge in China during 

 the winter is incomprehensible. Pere David says nothing about its wintering in the country, but remarks 

 that it passes across China in great numbers, stopping often to breed in the south. In Japan it seems to be 

 common : Whitely obtained it at Hakodadi, and Blakiston at Yezo. 



Returning to the northern confines of India, we do not find Dr. Scully meeting with it at Yarkand ; but 

 in West Thibet Von Pelzeln procured it on the GyagarLake at an elevation of between 15,000 and 17,000 feet. 

 Mr. Blanford (' Zool. of Persia/ p. 285) met with it in the winter months in Baluchistan, and records it from 

 an elevation of 3000 feet near Bam in South-east Persia. In Turkestan, however, it is stated by Severtzoff to 

 breed ; and it is singular that it does not do so in Persia. I transcribe from Mr. Dresser's work a sketch of 

 its distribution in Northern Asia : — " It is found throughout Siberia; and Kittlitz records it from Kamtehatka. 

 Von Micldendorff says that it arrived on the Boganida (lat. 70° N.) on the 29th May (O.S.), and breeds there 

 commonly. On the 12th of May he observed it in marshy places on the west slope of the Stanowoi mountains, 

 but did not observe it again until he reached Udskoj Ostrog, where, as also on the sea-coast and on the large 

 Shantar Island, he met with it. Von Schrenck met with it along the Amoor, though less numerous than the 

 Greenshank ; and Dr. G. Radde obtained specimens at the Tarei-nor and on the eastern slope of the Southern 

 Apfelgebirge. Messrs. Dybowski and Parvex met with it during passage in Dauria." To this I would add 

 that Mr. Seebohm remarks (Ibis, 1879, p. 152) : — "Next to Temminck's Stint the Wood- Sandpiper was by 

 far the commonest Wader in the valley of the Yeuesay. I shot the first on the 6th June at the Koo-ray'-i-ka, 

 but did not meet with it north of lat. 69°." In Western Siberia Finsch found it on the Schtschutschja river, 

 and states that it was there the most common of the Waders. In Palestine Canon Tristram noticed it in 

 winter. 



It is common along the north coast of Africa in the winter. Though numerous in Egypt, Captain Shelley 

 found its visits irregular ; it appears to be abundant in some seasons and scarce at others. Some few are 

 said to remain throughout the year. In Algeria Mr. Gurney found it plentiful at Lagkouat; and in Morocco 

 Col. Irby noticed it in numbers about the lakes of Ras Dowra and other swamps. According to Von Heuglin 

 it wanders southwards through Abyssinia to Sennaar, Kordofan, and Bahr-el-Abiad, ranging along mountain 

 brooks and into upland moors to 10,000 feet. Mr. Andersson found it common in Damara Land, South-west 

 Africa, and especially records it from Ondonga and Objimbinque. Messrs. Ayres and E. L. Layard procured 

 it in Natal; but the former gentleman only observed it in one locality in November 1865 ; he also obtained it 

 at the Cape, and he records it on two occasions from Transvaal, procuring it there in January, February, and 

 March. On the west it has been obtained by Captain Shelley on the Gold Coast in February ; and other 

 naturalists have obtained it in Senegambia, Gaboon, and Benguela. 



It is spread throughout Europe, wintering in the south, occurring on passage in the central portions, and 

 summering in the north, where it extends to the shores of the Arctic ocean. Col. Irby has observed it 

 frequently on passage in March, April, and May in the vicinity of Gibraltar ; and Mr. Saunders shot a female 



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