TOTANUS OCHROPUS. 



(THE GREEN SANDPIPER.) 



Tringa (ochrophus) ochropus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 250 (1766), 



Totanus ochropus (Linn.), Temm. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 651 (1820); Sykes, Cat. B. Dukhun, 



P. Z. S. 1832, p. 162; Gould, B. of Eur. iv. pi. 315 (1837); Kelaart, Prodromus, Cat. 



p. 134 (1852) ; Middendorff, Sibir. Reise, ii. p. 215 (1853) ; Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. 



Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 265; Schrenck, Eeisen u. Forsch. Amur-L. p. 416 (1860); Newton, 



P. Z. S. 1863, p. 529; Gould, B. of Gt, Brit. iv. pi. 56 (1873); Layard, B. of S. Afr. 



no. 612 (1867); Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 400 ; Shelley, B. of Egypt, p. 258 (1872); 



Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 247; Von Heuglin, Om. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 1161 (1874); 



Irby, B. of Gibraltar, p. 167 (1875); Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 53 (187G); Blanford, Zool. 



Persia, p. 285 (1876); Hume, Str. Feath. 1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 402; Blakiston & 



Pryer,Ibis, 1878, p. 220; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 152 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1879 (List 



B. of Ind.), p. 113. 

 Totanus leucurus, Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 51. fig. 1 (1833-4). 

 Actitis ochropus (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 267 (1849); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 



1872, p. 474; Beavan, Ibis, 1878, p. 399 ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 698 (1864); Butler, 



Str. Feath. 1876, p. 18 ; Ball, ibid. 1878, vii. p. 228; Cripps, t.c. p. 303. 

 Becasseau on Cul-blanc, Buffon ; Greenshank, Kelaart ; Lavanderq, Spanish (Irby). Nella 



ulanka, Telugu (Jerdon); Tita, Sind (Blyth); Yamghurchi, Zagharak, Turkestan 



(Scully); Krungi, Amurland (Schrenck); Kotan, Tamils in Ceylon. 

 Watuwa, Sinhalese. 



Adult nude and female (Ceylon). Length 9-3 to 9-7 inches ; wing oo to 5'75 ; tail 2"3 to 2 - 6 ; tarsus 1*3 to 1-45 ; 



middle toe 1*0 to PI ; bill to gape 1/45 to 1*6. 

 Iris hazel-brown ; bill deep brown, greenish round the nostril and at base of lower mandible ; legs and feet variable — 



olivaceous plumbeous, greenish olive tinged with slaty, bluish. 



Winter plumage (Ceylon). Head, upper surface, wing-coverts, and tertials deep olive-brown, with a strong green 

 lustre; back, scapulars, tertials, and wing-coverts with dark shafts, and a series of alternate marginal pale and 

 dark spots (these spots are much smaller and more inconspicuous than in the last, and the pale spots are dusky 

 grey, and not white); quills and primary-coverts dark brown, with an olive-green gloss ; upper tail-coverts pun 

 white; tail white, the entire feathers with the terminal half dark brown, crossed by three narrow white bars, in- 

 creasing in size to the outermost, which is all white, with the exception of a subterminal spot on one or on both 

 webs, but which is wanting in some ; orbits and a short supercilium white ; lores and round the gape brown, the 

 cheeks striated with white ; chin and gorge, with the breast and the lower parts, white, the under tail-coverts un- 

 spotted ; fore neck and chest brownish, striated with white down the centre ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 

 dark brown, with very narrow, oblique, white bars. 



Summer plumage (Santander, June 1876). Plumage darker above than in winter ; feathers of the head with white 

 edgings near the tips ; the upper back and scapulars with marginal spots of white ; striations of the face, darker 

 than in winter; fore neck streaked with blackish; flanks and axillaries very dark brown, as also the under wing. 

 Wing of this specimen 5-7 inches. 



An Abyssinian example ( 15th April) has the neck more thickly striated, and the tertials spotted with fulvous grey, 

 which is the colour of the spottings on the scapulars and upper back. 



