864 TOTAxrs ociieopus. 



Turning eastward, we find Mr. Oates recording it as common in Pegu ; but it was not observed in the 

 lrrawaddy delta by Mr. Armstrong. In Tenasscrim it is not common, and is only recorded by Mr. Hume 

 from Amherst and Thatone. From the Andamans, Nicobars, and Malay Peninsula it is wanting, in all of 

 which localities, as we have seen, the Wood-Sandpiper is found. 



Swinhoe says that it is found throughout China and Formosa, and he specifies the Iloehow Marsh in 

 Hainan as a place which it haunts in April ; he obtained it at Takow, 'Pekiu, and Foochoo. Pere David 

 remarks that it occurs in China at all seasons. In Japan Messrs. Blakistou and Pryer say that it is common 

 at Yezo ; and here it most likely summers. It inhabits the shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, and was shot by 

 Von Middendorff at the mouth of the Amoor on the 5th of May; a day later it was procured in the same year 

 far up the river, on its tributary the Schilka. Schrenck procured it on the 4th of the month in question in 

 the Stanowoi Mountains; so that the time of arrival from the south to breed in these distant northerly regions 

 (lat. 52°-55 c ) must be the end of April. Mr. Secbohm shot the first example of the season (1877) on the 1.1th 

 of June in the Yenesay valley as far north as the Arctic circle ; and it was by no means common, he remarks, 

 in that latitude : in August he found it abundant at Yenesaisk, further south (58° N. lat.). Col. Prjevalsky 

 says that it occurs throughout Mongolia, except the Ala-shan mountains, and arrives there about the middle 

 ni April, hut does not stay to breed, although some may be seen in the Hoang-ho valley in July. In Kan-su 

 it was observed once in September, but never in Koko-nor. It is common in spring in Ussuri after about the 

 20th of April, frequenting Lake Hanka, and leaving in August. It winters in Kashgar, as Dr. Stoliczka found 

 it common there at that season ; and of its location there we fui'ther learn from Dr. Scully that it was 

 " common near Kashgar during the first half of the winter, and was often seen at Yarkand near streams, 

 pools, and swamps from March to August, ascending the hills to 13,000 feet in the latter month." Dr. 

 Severtzoff writes that it occurs in winter in the district of the Thian-Shan mountains, in Turkestan, up to an 

 altitude of 10,000 feet, and that it breeds in the same locality up to about 6000 feet. In Persia Mr. Blanford 

 procured it at Shiraz, which has an elevation of 6000 feet above the sea; and he also notes it as being observed 

 at 3500 feet in Baluchistan. In Palestine, where it winters, Canon Tristram saw it as late as June, long after 

 all the Sandpipers had left. In the peninsula of Sinai it was obtained by Mr. Claude Wyatt in the winter; 

 and Mr. Danford writes of it wintering in the ravines of Cydnus, in Asia Minor. In South-eastern Europe, 

 though it does not breed there, it is found very late in the season, for Mr. G. C. Taylor observed it in July ; 

 and Mr. W. H. Simpson says that it remains in Greece until the breeding-season. It is a constant resident 

 along the north of the Mediterranean, but in some places likewise remains into the summer months. In 

 Malta it occurs on passage, but is sometimes also seen in June. At Gibraltar Col. Irby has seen it in every 

 month except July ; and he suggests that it may breed in Spain. It was obtained in Seville by Mr. Howard 

 Saunders in January ; and in Portugal it is rare, according to the Rev. A. Smith. In Macedonia it is said by 

 Mr. Elwes to be the commonest Sandpiper which frequents the marshes there. In parts of Transylvania (Rea) 

 it is abundant in autumn ; and Herr Buda Adam says that he has seen it in summer, but has not succeeded 

 in ascertaining whether it breeds there or not. It is not so common in Great Britain as the Wood-Sandpiper, 

 chiefly occurring on passage in the autumn ; it occurs on both the Scottish coasts, and has been seen as a 

 straggler in Ireland at all seasons. In France and Holland it is a migrant, as also in Southern Germany. It 

 is a summer resident in North-east Germany, not breeding further west than Oldenburg. In Denmark gene- 

 rally it occurs as a migrant in spring and autumn ; but some remain in Jutland in the summer. It arrives 

 in Scandinavia in April and remains till September, being quite common in parts of the Dovrefeld, and 

 breeding as far north as the Arctic circle. It is found rarely in Finland, and ranges in Northern Russia as 

 far north as Archangel. Though found in the Ural range, it does not seem to breed there. 



In North Africa it is rather plentiful. We have Col. Irby's authority for M. Favier's statement that it 

 is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Tangier, appearing in August and September from the north, and 

 departing in February and March. Mr. Gurney found them numerous at Laghouat, in Algeria, in April ; 

 and in Fgypt it is abundant and evenly distributed, according to Capt. Shelley. It arrives there, says Von 

 Hcuglin, in August and September, and then ascends the Nile ; this naturalist procured it in Abyssinia and 

 on the coast of the Red Sea, and met with it as far south as lat. 8°. On the western side of the continent it 

 has been obtained in Gaboon ; and Capt. Shelley found it plentiful at Cape Coast and Accra. 



It is not uncommon in South Africa, inhabiting certain localities which are suited to its habits. Layard 



