LOBIVANELLUS INDICUS. 



(THE RED-WATTLED LAPWING.) 



Tringa indica, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 50 (1783). 



Parra goensis, Gm. ed. Syst. Nat. i. p. TOG (1788). 



YaueUus goensis (Gm.), Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 165 ; Gould, Cent. Him. B. pi. 28 (1832); 



Jerdon, Madr. Journ. 1840, xii. p. 214. 

 Lobivanellus goensis (Gm.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 261 (1849) ; Kelaart, Prodromus, 



Cat. p. 132 (1852); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 109; Jerdon, B. of 



Ind. iii. p. 648 (1864); Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 27, et 1875, p. 401. 

 Lobivanellus indicus (Bodd.), Schlegel, Mus. P.-B. Cursores, p. 68 (1864); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 



1872, p. 472 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 232; Ball, ibid. 1875, p. 209 ; Hume, Nests 



and Eggs, iii. p. 574 (1875) ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 14 ; Hume, ibid. 1878, 



vii. p. 67 ; Davidson & AVender, t. c. p. 88 ; Ball, t. c. p. 227 ; Cripps, t. c. p. 300 ; 



Hume, ibid. 1S79, viii. p. 112 (List B. of India). 

 Goa Sandpiper, Gmelin ; Indian Lapwing, Plover, Peivit ; '■'■Pity to do it" "Lid you do it % " 



Sportsmen, from their cry. Titai, Titi, Tituri, Titiri, in different parts of India; 



Yennepa chitawa, Telugu (Jerdon) ; Verklikker, Hutch in Ceylon; Al-kati, Ceylonese 



Tamils, lit. " Man pointer." 

 Kiralla, Kibulla, Sinhalese. 



Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 12-6 to 13-0 inches ; wing 8-0 to 8-4 ; tail 3-9 to 43 : tarsus 3-0 to 3-1 ; 

 bare tibia l\> ; middle toe and claw 1*2 to 1-42 ; bill to gape T3 to l - 4 ; spur, in the breeding-season, 02. 

 Females are the smaller. 



Iris brick-red or greyish red, paling at the outer edge ; orbits, lappets, and two thirds of bill from base coral- or lake- 

 red (the bill often inclining to pink); remainder of bill black; tibia yellow; tarsus sickly or greenish yellow; 

 toes greenish yellow, claws black ; alar spur reddish. 



Head, hind neck, face, throat, fore neck, chest, quills, and a broad band across the tail glossy black, the wings and tail 

 not so intense as the head and neck ; a broad baud passing from the posterior margin of the eye over the ear- 

 coverts, down the sides of the neck and chest, together with the under surface, under and upper tail-coverts, and 

 tail, tips of greater wing-coverts, and most of the secondaries white ; lower part of hind neck, back, rump, wing- 

 coverts, and tertials pale brown, with a strong green lustre, and glossed with amethystine on the wing-coverts 

 and scapidars ; the white of the secondaries increases towards the innermost feather, which has onlv the tip black, 

 and the adjacent tertiary is all white. The amethystine hue varies in individuals, extending iu some to the back 

 and longer tertials. 



Young. The immature bird in first plumage has the iris brown, base of bill reddish, remainder black ; the lappets 

 partially developed. Forehead and lores greyish; crown brownish ; the chin and throat white, in some mottled 

 with fulvous, and the surrounding plumage of the neck dull black; the upper surface and wings duller than in 

 the adult, with fulvous edgings to the feathers. 



Some examples in what may lie a further stage have the iris " traced " with brown pencillings, and the white of the 

 under surface tinged with buff. 



Obs. A comparison of a fine series of this bird iu the national collection demonstrates that continental examples are 

 somewhat longer in the wing than Ceylonese. Specimens from Ivamptee, Xepal, and other districts measure: — 

 ft -fi to 9-2 inches ; tail 4-5 to 4-8; tarsus 2-8 to 3-1 ; bill to gape 1'3 to 1-4. 



