Subfam. (EDICNEMINiE. 



Bill stout, straight, the gape angulated, the gonys much pronounced. Legs long and rather 

 stout, with the knee-joints enlarged and the tarsus reticulated before and behind ; toes webbed 

 at the base. 



Of large size, with the head and eye very large, and of nocturnal habits. 



Genus (EDICNEMUS. 



Bill large, stout, wide at the base, moderately long, the tip curved from the nostril, which 

 is placed in a depressed and capacious membrane; gape angulated, commissure curved below 

 the nostril and then ascending to the tip ; gonys short and strongly angulated. Wings long, 

 2nd quill the longest. Tail graduated and cuneate at tip. Knee-joints enlarged. Tarsus 

 more than twice the length of the middle toe, and covered with polygonal scutes ; toes stout 

 and webbed at the base. Head and eye large. 



(EDICNEMUS SCOLOPAXr 



(THE STONE-PLOVER.) 



Charadrius cedicnemus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 255 (1766). 



Charadrius scolopax, S. G. Gmel. Reise, iii. p. 87, pi. 16 (1774). 



(Edicnemus crepitans (Linn.), Temm. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 521 (1820) ; Gould, B. of Eur. iv. 

 p. 535 (1832) ; Sykes, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 166 ; Jerdon, Madr. Journ. 1840, xii. p. 215 ; 

 Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 260 (1849); Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. 

 p. 108 ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 654 (1864) ; Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 472 ; Von 

 Heugli'n, Orn. N.Ost-Afr. ii. p. 985 (1873) ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, p. 232, et 1875, 

 p. 182 ; Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 401 ; Butler & Hume, Str. Feath. 1876, p. 14 ; Armstrong, 



t. c. p. 340. 

 (Edicnemus indicus, Salvadori, Atti della Soc. Ital. Scien. Milano, viii. p. 370 (1866) ; Hume, 



Nests and Eggs, iii. p. 581 (1876) ; Ball, Str. Feath. 1878, vii. p. 227. 

 (Edicnemus scolopax (S. G. Gm.), Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 55, 56 (1876); Hume, Str. Feath. 



1878 (B. of Tenass.), p. 458, et 1879, viii. (List of Ind. B.), p. 112. 

 Grand Pluvier ou Courtis de terre, Buffon ; Le Grand Pluvier, Buffon, PI. Enl. 919 ; The 



Great-headed Thicknee, The Norfolk Plover, Stone-Curlew, The Thicknee, popularly in 



England ; Bastard Florikin in India ; Alcaravan, Spanish (Saunders). Karwanak, also 



Barsiri, Hind. ; Lambi of Falconers ; Kharma, Bengal. ; Kalleydu, Telugu ; Kama mosal, 



Tamil, lit. " Jungle-Hare " (Jerdon) ; the same in Ceylon. 



Adult male and female (Ceylon). Length 15-75 to 10-5 inches ; wing 8-25 to 8-6; tail 4-5: tarsus 3-1 to 3-2; 



middle toe and claw 1-5 ; bare tibia 2-0 ; bill to gape 2-05, at front 1-0. 

 Iris yellow, mottled and pencilled with dark brown ; bill black, greenish yellow from base to end of nostril-membrane 



