SPATULA CLTPEATA. 1087 



tertials terminally margined with white ; axillaries and under wing white, the edge of the latter marked with 

 brown. 



Young in doivn (Perm). Head, centre of hind neck, and upper surface glossy dark brown ; a dark brown stripe through 

 the lores and behind the eye, joining the brown of the nape ; ear-coverts brownish ; a whitish spot behind the 

 wing and another behind the legs ; face, supercilium, and fore neck dusky buff, the tips of the down being dark, 

 and imparting a dusky appearance ; under surface whitish, shading into brown on the flanks ; bill black ; nail 

 yellowish ; legs and feet brown. 



Both sexes in first plumage resemble the adult female, according to Naumann, the male having the wing-coverts and 

 speculum brighter than the female. The young male assumes its full plumage a few weeks later than the adult, 

 and may be recognized, during its first year, by its paler bill, which is bluish black. The lustre of the head and 

 neck is not so pure, and the upper back not so dark. Iris yellow ; legs paler than in the adult. Immature females 

 are darker than adults. 



Obs. Whether the South- African Shoveller be the same or not as the present species has remained a matter of doubt, 

 owing to the great paucity of specimens to hand from that region. The type is a young bird, and the onty 

 specimen in the British Museum is immature. Von Heuglin writes concerning a single specimen that there are 



Subfam. FULIGULIN^E. 



Head larger and wings shorter than in the last subfamily. Legs short, set further back ; the feet large, and the 

 hind toe lobed or partially webbed. 



With a single moult. Speculum inconspicuous or wanting. 



Genus FULIGULA. 



Bill rather broad and flattened near the tip, base of the culmen wide ; nail short ; nostrils advanced ; lamellae 

 broad and shallow. Wings pointed, 1st quill the longest. Tail short and cuneate, of 1 6 feathers. Tarsus much shorter 

 than the middle toe. Feet very Large ; webs extending to tip of toes, as likewise the lobe of the hind toe. 



FTTLIGFULA EUFINA. 



(the red-crested pochard.) 



Anas rufina, Pall. It. ii. App. p. 713. no. 28 (1773). 



Branta rufina (Pall.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 306 (1849); Jerdon, B. of Ind. iii. p. 811 (1864); Holdsw. 



P. Z. S. 1872, p. 480. 

 Faligula rufina (Pall.), Layard, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1854, xiv. p. 269 ; Dresser, B. of Eur. pt. 22 (1873) ; 



Hume, Str. Feath. 1879, p. 115 (List B. of Ind.). 

 Canard siffleur huppe, Buff. PI. Enl. 928 ; Red-crested Bud; Lath. Kizil bash aurdal; lit. " Eed-headed Duck," 



Turki (Scully). 



Adidt male. (Europe) Wing 10-2 to 10-6 inches ; tail 3-3 to 3-5 ; tarsus 1-5 to 1-6 ; middle toe 2-5, claw 0-4 ; hind 

 toe (with claw) 0-7. (Tarkand) " Length 21-0 ; tail 4-0 ; tarsus 1-6 ; bill from gape 2-4 : weight 2 lbs." {Scully.) 

 Iris red or reddish brown ; bill fine vermilion ; legs and feet red, webs dusky, claws brownish. 



Male, after autumn moult (Sicily). Head, nape, face, throat, and sides of neck for half its length fine pale glossy 

 chestnut, darkest on the throat and anterior part of the face, and palest on the head, where the feathers from the 

 forehead to the occiput stand erect in the form of a helmet-shaped crest, the nuchal feathers being likewise elon- 

 gated, but not erect ; centre of the nape, back, and lower part of the neck velvety black, this colour running up as 



