APPENDIX I. 1221 



with white ; a pale stripe above the eye ; sides of the chest deeply tinged with buff ; fore neck washed with buff 

 (from Plate in Dresser's ' Birds of Europe '). 



Immature, first autumn ("Wales). Interscapular region dark brown, with terminal buff.- white spots ; the scapulars 

 with broader spots ; the outer feathers with broad buff margins ; the lesser wing-coverts at the point of the wing 

 blackish brown ; the greater series buff, with dark terminal bars ; outer tail-feathers nearly white ; face white, 

 the lores pencilled with brown ; the throat and chest faintly tinged with buff ; the chest-feathers marked with 

 fine cross pencillings. 



Distribution. — This interesting and widely spread Stint has recently been procured in Ceylon. On the 12th of last 

 December (1879) the collector of the Ceylon Museum met with a flock on one of the little islands at the mouth of the 

 Negoinbo Lake, but only succeeded in shooting one specimen, a male in adult winter plumage. It is not unlikely that 

 the Sanderling may visit the shores of Ceylon yearly as a straggler, and be completely overlooked, as comparatively few 

 of the myriads of shore-birds frequenting the coasts in the cool season are ever shot. 



In February 1S75, Mr. Hume met with this species at Betra-par, one of the reefs in the Laccadive group. It may be, 

 perhaps, not unfrequent on the coasts of Southern India ; but it does not seem to have been often noticed there. On one 

 occasion Jerdon encountered it at Nellore, and writes that it appeared to him to be tolerably abundant ; but not knowing 

 that it was rare in Indian collections, he only secured one specimen. I do not see it recorded from Bengal ; but beyond 

 the Bay it occurs along the coast at the mouths of the Irrawaddy, in which locality Dr. Armstrong met with it rarely. 

 In Tenasserim, however, it has not yet been noticed ; neither has it been seen on the shores of the Malay peninsula, 

 although Schlegel records it from Java. It may not, therefore, range further south in this direction than the last- 

 mentioned locality, although it extends eastwards into China, being general there in winter, according to Swinhoe. 



In North-western India it is more abundant than elsewhere in the empire ; for Mr. Hume found it common in 

 Kurrachee harbour, and Mr. James writes of it occurring at Mandavee ; it has also been met with in Sindh by Major 

 Le Messurier. Northward it is found in Eastern Turkestan in autumn, migrating southwards, according to Dr. Scully. 

 It probably passes "through this country in spring, as Severtzoff says it occurs on passage in the north-eastern part of the 

 country. As in Europe so in Asia, it reaches very high latitudes in summer, breeding in the very extreme north of 

 Siberia on the Boganida, and frequenting likewise the Taimyr river as high as 74° N. lat. (Middendorff). Eastward in 

 Japan it has been found on the south coast of Tezo. Turning westwards we find Canon Tristram procuring it on the 

 coast of Palestine in winter. As regards the continent of Europe, it may be said to be a bird of passage throughout the 

 southern portions generally, being found in some parts, particularly on the south coasts of Spain and in the Mediterranean 

 islands, during the winter. In Great Britain it is likewise a bird of passage, though some, mostly young birds, remain 

 throughout the winter; in Scotland it is common in autumn. In Scandinavia it is likewise a migrant, being observed in 

 Norway and Sweden in spring and autumn ; it passes through the Earoes, and is common in summer in Iceland. On 

 the European shores of the Arctic Ocean it is also found in the breeding-season, although its nest has not yet been 

 found there. Messrs. Seebohm and Harvie Brown met with it on the G-olaievskai Islands, at the mouth of the Petchora 

 Gulf, and also saw it at Dvoinik ; but their visit was so hurried to these places that they failed to discover its eggs. 

 Further east Von Heuglin has met with it on Waigats Island and the south of Nova Zembla ; finally, as regards Bussia, 

 it has been procured on passage south at Kasan, and on its way north in spring on the Spara. 



In Northern Africa it is found in the winter, many remaining in Morocco during that season, as also in Algeria and 

 Lower Egypt, on the coast of which latter country Heuglin procured it in April and May already in summer plumage. 

 In autumn and winter this naturalist says it is very common on the shores of the Eed Sea, as far south as the Gulf of 

 Aden. He found it most plentiful on the Somauli coast in October and November, but never observed it on the Nile. 

 On the east coast of the continent it has been recorded from Mozambique and the coast of Natal, and on the island of 

 Madagascar Mr. E. Newton procured it. It is a winter resident in Cape Colony, and is found on the west coast at 

 Benguela, Gambia, Bissao, the Gold Coast, and Sierra Leone, taking in likewise the Canary Islands and Madeira into its 

 range. 



Dealing now with the Nearctic region, we find it on the east coast of Greenland breeding on Sabine Island, where the 

 eo-o-s were taken in 1869 by the German North-pole expedition. On the western side, Capt. Peilden met with it on the 

 shores of Grinnell Land, but not abundantly ; he, however, was fortunate enough to find it breeding in lat. 82° 33' N., in 

 the month of June, and met with young birds in August on the shores of Eobeson's Channel. In North America it has 

 been obtained in the Hudson's Bay territory and on the Mackenzie and Anderson rivers. Along the west coast it has 

 been found from Alaska down to Cape St. Lucas, and also in the Aleutian Islands. Messrs. Sclater and Salvin record it 

 from Peru, southward of which it has been met with on the coast of Chile ; and in Central Patagonia Mr. Durnford 

 procured it in the month of December at Tombo Point. Down the east coast of North America it has been procured in 

 various places, and likewise visits Bermuda and also the West Indies, as Gundlach records it from Cuba. Finally we 

 have it noted from Brazil. 



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