LEPIDOPTERA. 57 



subdivisions, he has the following ingenious observation : " Metamorphosis, in its larva state," 

 he says, " may, and I think must be, taken into the characters of genera, in the absence of other 

 sufficiently distinctive notices. Those Botanists who have derived their systems primarily from 

 thejruit, have nevertheless a regard to the Jlower, and by this means reciprocally elucidate existing 

 obscurities. Caterpillars are the flowers of the Lepidoptera. They are indeed not always present 

 when the perfect insects are before the examiner. Bvt, is the case diff^ent with the Botanist?" Tlie 

 application is evident, and I shall conclude this observation with the following remark of the 

 author of the Horae Entomologies. " As the knowledge of the whole life of an insect must make 

 us better acquainted with its nature than a mere description of one of its forms, in the same 

 proportion ought metamorphosis to outweigh every other principle of arrangement." Horse 

 Entom., page 448. 



I proceed to the consideration of the first tribe of Lepidoptera, the Papilionid^, 

 consisting of the Lepidoptera Diurna of Latreille, the Tagschmetterlinge oder Falter of 

 Denis and SchiefFermiiller, Ochsenheimer, &c. ; the genus Papilio of Linnaeus, Les 

 Papillons Reaum., Geoff., &c. 



Character of the Tribe : Metamorphosis : Larva provided with sixteen feet, elon- 

 gated, cyhndrical, with a globose head, attenuated posteriorly, retractile, attached 

 by means of a contracted articulation, so as to appear in the typical species, when 

 exserted, disjoined from the body, of a slow, tardy habit. (It presents^we princi- 

 pal modifications of form.) 



Chrysalis naked, angular, attached by the tail, but variously suspended ; in one 

 stirps only folliculated, or covered by a contorted leaf, in the, same manner as 

 some of the Nocturnal Lepidoptera. 



Perfect Insect : Antennce composed of numerous articulations, slender at the base, 

 incrassated towards the tip, rarely filiform, but generally terminated by a club, 

 which is variously modified in the different subdivisions. Wings erect when the 

 insect is at rest, without hook at the margin of the lower wings ; in one stirps the 

 posterior wings only are elevated. Posterior tibice, in most cases, with a single pair 

 of spurs at the tip only. They all fly in the day. 



Character Tribus. Metamorphosis : Larva pedibus sedecim, elongata, cylindrica, 

 tarda ; capite globose retractili ; exserto, a corpore disjuncto. 



ChrysaUs nuda, angulata, postice alligata, sed vario modo suspensa ; in stirpe anopluri- 

 Jbrmi subfoUiculata Icevis, et Lepidopterorum aliquorum noctumorum chrysalidi similis. 



Imago : Antennae multiarticulat(e, basi graciles, apice crassiores plerumque capitulatoe 

 aut clavatce, in paucis Jiliformes vel subsetacece vel apice graciliore uncinato. Alae 

 znsecto sedente erectce, inferiores retinaculo nullo. In stirpe anoplur'tformi alee 

 posticce tantum erectce vel suberectce. Tibiae posticse plerumgtie apice solo calcarato. 

 Volatus diurnus. 

 This tribe, according to the modifications of the larva, is divisible into five 



stirpes or races, a connected view of which is given in the following Table. 



I 



