May 31, 1928.] Revision of the Flora of the Bombay Presidency 646 



mostly bearing spikelets from the base or near it. Spikelets ovate to elliptic- or 

 lanceolate-oblong, usually cuspidate or awned, very convex on the back, flat or 

 slightly depressed in front, falling entire from the pedicels, 2-nate or clustered, 

 secund and abaxial on the triquetrous rhachis of racemosely arranged false 

 spikes Involucral glumes unequal, membranous, the lower much shorter, 

 more or less ovate from a clasping base, 3-5-nerved, often mucronate, the upper 

 corresponding in length and outline to the spikelet (as seen from the back), 

 very concave, 5-7-nerved, acute, cuspidulate or cuspidate, rarely produced into 

 a short awn. Lower floret equalling the upper glume (excluding cusps or 

 awns) ; lower floral glume very similar to the upper involucral glume, but flat 

 or depressed on the back and often with a more pronounced cusp or an awn ; 

 pale equal to the body of the valve, or in barren florets more or less reduced, 

 hyaline, finely 2-keeled. Upper floral glume ovate to elliptic- oblong, apiculate 

 or obtuse, very convex on the back, subcoriaceous or crustaceous, polished, 

 faintly 5-nerved, margins firm, involute up to near the tip, then flat, not emb- 

 racing the tip of the pale, pale sub-equal to the glume and similar in substance, 

 with rounded keels and flaps which thin out towards the flat slightly recurved 

 tips. Lodicules 2, cuneate, fleshy. Stamens 3- Styles distinct ; stigmas 

 plumose, exserted from near the tips. Grain broad-elliptic dorsally flat, 

 ventrally convex ; hilum punctiform, subbasal. 



Species about 20-25.— The warm regions of both hemispheres. 



Note: It will be useful to remember what Stapf says regarding this genus 

 I.e. 605 : ' The segregation of the numerous forms which make up the genus 

 Echinochloa and their reduction to more or less well definable species is still 

 unsatisfactory, mainly owing to their apparently endless variability and the 

 difficulty, if not impossibility, of discriminating between stable and unstable 

 modifications and the effects of hybridization. Here, as in other cases, observa- 

 tion in the field and experiment will have to decide.' 



Cooke describes under Panicum 2 species which have to be referred to 

 Echinochloa : P. colonum and P. stagninum. We add E. Crus-Galli which 

 Cooke thought did not occur anywhere in the Bombay Presidency. 

 I. Lower involucral glume and upper floral glume 



equally acute or cuspidate ... 1. E. colona. 



II. Lower involucral glume and upper floral glume 

 cuspidate or produced into an awn, the latter 

 more than the former. 



1. LiguleO ... ... ... ... 2. E. Crus-Galli. 



2. Ligule a fringe of stiff hairs or absent in the 



uppermost leaves ... ... ... 3. E. stagnina. 



1. Echinochloa colona, Link Hort. Berol. ii, 209 ; Pari. PL Nov. 40 ; Hitchc. 

 in Gray Man. Bot ed. 7, 118. et in Contrib. XL S. Nat. Herb, xii, 213, xvii, 

 256, xviii, 345; Stapf in Prain Fl. Trop. Afr. ix, 607; Haines in Bot. 

 Bihar & Orissa 997.— E. zonalis, Pari. PI. Panorm. i, 119.— Panicum colonum, 

 Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 10 (1759), 870, Sp. PI. ed. ii, 84 ; Jacq. Eclog. Gram. t. 

 32 ; Roxb. Fl. lnd, i, 299 ; Nees Agrost. Bras. 119; Steud. Syn. PI. Glum, i, 

 46 ; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 411, et Fl. Austral, vii, 478; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 

 545 ; Baker Fl. Maurit, 438 ; Duthie List Grass, N. W. Ind. 3, Indig. Fodd, 

 Grass, t. 4, Fodd. Grass. N. Ind. 4 ; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 435 ; Balf, f . Bot. Socotra 

 310 ; Hack, in Bol. Soc. Brot. vi, 140 ; Schweinf. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ii, App. 

 ii, 20, 95 ; Hook. f. in F.B.I, vii, 32 ; Cke. ii, 931.— P. arabicum, Nees ex 

 Steud. Nomencl. ed. ii, 252, et Syn. PL Glum, i, 63 {partim).—P. brizoides, 

 Linn. Mant. ii, 184.— P. tetrastichon, Forsk. FL Aegypt.— Arab. 19.— P. 

 cuspidatum, Roxb. FL Ind. i, 301 ; Duthie Grass. N. W. Ind. 3 ; Steud. 1. c. 

 47.— P. pseudo colonum, Roth. Nov. Sp. 47; Steud. I.e. AS.—P.zonale, Guss. Ind. 

 Sem. H.R. Bocc. 1825, et Fl. Sic. Prodr. i, 82.— P. numidianum, Presl. Cyp. & 

 Gram. Sic. 19 {non Lam.).— P. Daltoni, Pari, ex Webb in Hooker Niger Fl. 

 185.— P. equitans, Hochst. ex A. Rich. Tent. FL Abyss, ii, 365.— P. Crus-Galli 

 var. colonus, Coss. Glum. Expl. Alger. 28. — P. Peiiveri, Kotsch. ex Griseb. 

 I.e. {non Trim). 



Description : Cke. ii, 931. 



Locality : Sind: Karachi (Nankad !); Mirpurkhas (Bhide!, Sabnis B1176 !) ; 

 Sind (Blatter!) ; Larkana, barren plains (Sabnis B93 !, B95 !, B457 !) ; Sanghar 

 (Sabnis B899 !, B894 !) ; Nasarpur, clayey soil (Sabnis B1048 !) ; Mirva Canal, 

 -Khairpur Mirs (Sabnis B263 !) ; Khairpur Mirs (Sabnis B337!) ; Sehwan to 



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