JMay 31, 1928.] . Revision of the Flora of the Bombay Presidency 648 



thin, the upper subherbaceous, all smooth, glabrous and striate except the 

 basal which are pubescent above their insertion. Ligules 0, junction of blade 

 aud sheath glabrous inside marked by a brown zone. Panicles erect, strict or 

 flexuous, at length exserted, 7 -5-20 cm. long ; axis triquetrous, scabrid ; 

 branches few to about 15, solitary or 2-nate, suberect or spreading, distant 

 except the uppermost or all more or less approximate forming a ' loberi ' 

 panicle, the lower 2 5-6" 2 cm. long, forming rather stout dense mostly 

 many-ranked simple or subcomposite subsecund sessile false spikes ; 

 rhachis triquetrous, scabrid, coarsely bristly, particularly near the nodes ; 

 pedicels fascicled or 2-nate, very short, up to 1 mm. long, scabrid, bristly at 

 the base, tips subdiscoid. Spikelets crowded, ovate-elliptic in outline, acute, 

 cuspidate or awned 25-3 mm. long, greenish or tinged with purple. Lower 

 involucral glume membranous, very broadly ovate,. clasping at the base, obtuse 

 to subcuspidate, 1 mm. long, 5-nerved scaberulous ; upper herbaceous-mem- 

 branous, very broadly ovate-oblong, concave, acute, cuspidate, as long as the 

 spikelet, 5- or (near the tip) 7-nerved, rigidly pubescent between the scabrid 

 and spinulose nerves. Lower floral glume similar to the upper involucral glume, 

 but flat or depressed on the back, cuspidate or produced into a scabrid often 

 long flexuous awn, 7-nerved (at least at the tip), pale elliptic, shorter by \ than 

 its glume, keels scaberulous upwards; upper floret hermaphrodite, elliptic- 

 ovate in outline, cuspidate, over 2 mm. long, whitish or yellowish, polished, 

 glume and pale subcoriaceous. Anthers oblong. Grain broad- elliptic in outline, 

 T5 mm. long. 



Locality : Sind : Mirpurkhas (Bhide ! ) ; Ghulamalla (Blatter & McCann 

 D613!); Keti (Blatter & McCann D614 ! ) . — Gujarat : Stream near Prantij 

 (Sedgwick !); the Bokh, Prantij Taluka (Sedgwick 1144 !).— Deccan : Poona 

 (Woodrow !). — 5". M. Country-. Aluarar, elevation 2,000 ft., rainfall 35 inches 

 (Sedgwick 3096 !) ; Bidi, elevation 2,500 ft., rainfall 50 inches (Sedgwick 3076 !). 

 —Kanara : Halyal (Talbot 2167 !). 



Distribution : Common through the greater part of India and Malaya ; as a 

 weed throughout the warm temperate countries of the northern hemisphere, 

 rather rare in the tropics of Africa and the New World and south of the Tropic of 

 Capricorn (Stapf). 



Uses : See Duthie, Fodd. Grass. N. Ind. 6 ; Vasey Agric. Grass. Unit. States 

 ed. ii, 27; Maiden Man. Grass. N. S. Wales, 38-41; Yearbook U. S Dept. 

 Agric. (1902),580-5S2. 



3. Echinoch'.oa stagnina, P. Beauv. Agrost. 161 ; Stapf in Prain Fl. Trop. Afr. 

 617 — E. scabra, Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii, $79.—Panicum stagninum, Retz. 

 Obs. v, 17 ; Roxb. Fi. Ind. i, 295 ; Grah. Catal. 237 ; Nees Agrost. Bras. 261 ; 

 Trin. Pan. Gen. 128, et in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 6me ser. iii, 216 ; Steud. Syn. 

 PL Glum, i, 47 ; Stapf in Dyer Fl. Cap. vii, 394 ; Cke. ii, 930.— P. scabrum, 

 Lam. 111. i, 171, et Encycl. iv. 744 ; Nees 1. c. ; Steud. 1. c— P. Galli, Thunb. 

 Prodr. 18, et Fl. Cap. ed. i, 389, ed. Schult. 103.— P. Crus-Galli, Woodrow in 

 Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiii(1901), 433 (non Linn.). — P. Crus-Galli, var. 

 stagninum, Fenzl. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1850 ; Hook. f. in Trim. Fl. Ceyl 

 v, 136 ; Prain Beng. PI. 1174. — P. Crus-Galli, vars maximum, submuticum et 

 leiostachyum, Franch. Contr. Fl. Congo Franc, in Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun. 

 viii, 347. — P. pichcm, Nees Fl. Afr. Austr, 59 {non Agrost. Bras.)- — P. Burgu, 

 A. Cheval. in Rev. Cult. Colon, vii, 513-520.— P. Lelievrei, A. Cheval. I.e. 

 516- — P. oryzetorum, A. Cheval. \.c—Orthopogon stagninus, Spreng. Syst. i, 

 307. — Oplismenus stagninus, Kunth Rev. Gram, i, 44, et Enum. i, 144 (partim) ; 

 Dalz. & Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 292— O. scaber, Kunth Rev. Gram I.e. 44, Enum. 

 I.e. 145. 



Description : Cke. ii, 930, under Panicum stagninum. 



Locality. Sind: Ghulamalla (Blatter & McCann D615 \).—Konkan : Virar, 

 on bank of a tank (McCann 9585!, 9584 !).— Deccan : Igatpuri (Blatter & 

 Hallberg 5473!) ; Khandala, in water in the. smaller village tank (McCann 

 27441!); Panchgani (Blatter & Hallberg B1241 !) .—S. M. Country : Hulkop, 

 elevation 2,000 ft., rainfall 50 inches (Sedgwick 3175!); Chikkerur, Taluka 

 Kod, water hole by road (Sedgwick 1969 !) ; Bomigatti tank (Sedgwick 3830 !) ; 

 common in the Carnatic (Sedgwick).— Kanara : Pardhani (Talbot 3136 !). 



Distribution : More or less throughout India, Ceylon, tropical and S. Africa. 



Uses : Considering tropical African conditions Stapf observes (I.e. 619) : 

 ' This grass deserves everv attention on account of its locally abundant supply 



[27] 



