PIPER NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 33 



awned; palea about as long as the lemma, notched at apex, the nerves hispidulous, 

 the inflexed sides one-third as broad as the internerve. (Plate X.) 



This species ranges from middle California northward into Oregon, but only west 

 of the Sierras and Cascades. 



Explanation of Plate.— Drawn from Howell'f? no. 26 from Oregon and Bolander's California 

 specimens. Plant natural size; spikelet magnified five times. 



21a. Festuca aristulata parishi subsp. nov. 



Sheaths and the lower part of the stem covered with short retro rse pubescence; 

 leaf blades short, 10 to 25 cm. long. 



Mill Creek Falls, San Bernardino Mountains, California, collected by S. B. Parish 

 (no. 5036, type), June 20, 1901, and no. 2490, July 4, 1892. 



22. Festuca thurberi Vasey. 



Festuca thurberi Vasey in Rothrock, Prel. Rep. Botany Cent. Colo. 56. 1874. Type 

 in the National Herbarium, collected by John Wolf (no. 1154) in South Park, 

 Colorado. 



Poa festucoides M. E. Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 724. 1895. Type from Moimt 

 Ellen, Henry Mountains, Utah. A duplicate in the National Herbarium. 



Poa kaibensisM. E. Jones, Erythea 4: 36. 1896. Proposes a new name for the 

 above on account of the older Poa festucoides Lam. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Densely tufted with numerous narrow basal leaves; culms erect, hard, scabrous or 

 smooth, 60 to 90 cm. high, 3-jointed; sheaths striate, usually scabrous, shorter than the 

 internodes; ligules scarious, often lacerate, 2 to 4 mm. long, decurrent; blades closely 

 involute, narrowly linear, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute at apex, usually harshly scabrous; 

 panicle 10 to 15 cm. long, loose, slightly drooping; rays solitary, occasionally in twos 

 or threes, scabrous on the angles, spreading or ascending, commonly pulvillate at 

 base, the longest half to two-thirds as long as the panicle, spikelet-bearing only above 

 the middle; spikelets lanceolate, acute, 3 to 6-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. long; joints of 

 the rachilla cylindric, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, scabr us or nearly smooth; glumes mem- 

 branaceous, smooth or scabrous on the keels, subequal, the lower 1 -nerved, 2 mm. 

 long, acute, the upper 3-nerv€d, 2.5 mm. long, obtusish; lemma elHptic-lanceolate, 

 faintly 5-nerved, convex, rather firm in texture, finely scabrous near the margins or 

 glabrous, cuspidate-acuminate; palea nearly equaling the lemma, oblong, obtuse, 

 the nerves scabrous, the inflexed sides half as broad as the internerve. (Plate XI. ) 



Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. 



Explanation of Plate. — Drawn from specimens collected by Pammel above Beaver Camp, Col- 

 orado, July 3, 1896. Plant one-half natural size; details enlarged five times. 



23. Festuca elatior L. 



Festuca elatior Jj. Sp. PI. 1: 75. 1753. "Habitat in Europae pratis fertillissimis." 

 Festuca pratensis Hudson, Fl. Angl. 37. 1762. Type locality, England. 

 Festuca poaeoides Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 67. 1803. "Hab. ad ripas maritimaa 

 fluminis S. Laurentii." A fragment of the type is in the Torrey Herbarium. 

 Festuca poaeoides americaim Pers. Syn. 1: 94. 1805. Based on the preceding. 

 Festuca americanaF. G. Dietr. VoUst. Lex. Gaertn. 3: 332. Based on the preceding. 



DESCRIPTION. 



Loosely tufted, often with short creeping rootstocks; culms smooth, 50 to 120 cm. 

 high, smooth and glabrous, 3 or 4-jointed, erect or geniculate only at the very base; 

 sheaths shorter than the internodes; liguie nearly obsolete; blades 10 to 60 cm. long, 



