32 BRITISH CEREALS. 



been grown in these islands, but the Short Oat has been grown 

 here for fodder, and is still cultivated as a corn crop in the 

 Pyrenees where other varieties fail to ripen, and the Hairy Oat 

 is still in cultivation in Spain, in some parts of Northern 

 Germany, and in the Shetlands and Orkneys, and used to be 

 a common crop in Northern Scotland, where it has given place 

 to more profitable kinds. 



The Tartarian Oat is represented amongst us by the Black 

 Oat and the White Oat and the seedsmen's strains of these varieties 

 with which we need not concern ourselves. The Panicled Oat 

 is represented by the several forms of the Potato, Sandy, Hope- 

 toun, and Winter Dun types ; but here again a tabular scheme 

 will greatly help us : 



Panicle spreading. 



Florets four to eight. A. chinensis (Chinese Oat). 

 Florets two or three. A. sativa (Common Oat). 

 Grain white and short. Potato type. 

 Grain reddish white. Sandy type. 

 Grain long, pale brown. Hopetoun type. 

 Grain dark at base, brown in middle, paler at apex. 

 Winter Dun type. 

 Panicle contracted and one-sided. 



Florets four to six. A. nitda (Naked Oat). 

 Florets one or two. 



Lower floret stalked, grain short. A. brevis. (Short Oat.) 

 Florets two or three. 



Outer palea bind, with teeth prolonged into bristles. 



A. strigosa (Bristle or Hairy Oat). 

 Outer palea not bristled. A. orientalis (Tartarian or 

 Banner Oat). 

 Grain white, straw tall and rigid. White Oat. 

 Grain black, straw medium. Black Oat. 



Barley and Wheat were cultivated in Switzerland before the 

 Bronze Age, a quantity of both, carbonised at the burning of the 

 lake city, having been found at Robenhausen, and bushels of 

 both at Wangen. In these ancient stores two species of Barley 



