HITCHCOCK AND CHASE — NORTH AMERICAN PANICUM. 5 



describing the species. In the absence of any indication that will 

 point toward a particular specimen, the first one mentioned or the 

 one from the locality first mentioned with the original description, 

 or at least the first one among those equally eligible, is chosen as the 

 type. . 



Immediately following the citation of the name and its place of 

 publication, is, quoted verbatim) when practicable, the "type 

 locality," or that portion of the author's statement which indicates 

 the origin of his specimen. Where there is doubt as to what specimen 

 is the type, the reasons are given for choosing any particular specimen. 

 All the types mentioned have been examined by one or both of the 

 authors unless otherwise stated. After quoting fronr the original 

 publication the portion relating to the type, we have indicated the 

 location of the type specimen and have recorded any information 

 concerning the specimen, or any data of significance upon the label. 



SYNONYMY. 



The name of each species accepted in this work is the earliest valid 

 name, as governed by the recent American Code of Botanical Nomen- 

 clature. Under the accepted name the synonyms have been placed 

 in chronological sequence. 



Nomina nuda have been mentioned only when they have found 

 their way into botanical literature, especially the Index Kewensis. 

 If such nomina nuda can be identified by type specimens they are 

 placed as synonyms of the species to which the type belongs. If 

 they were originally mentioned as synonyms but can not be identified, 

 they are placed under those species to which they were assigned as 

 synonyms. 



Typonyms are different names based upon the same type. When 

 an author definitely changes a name, or substitutes one name for 

 another, the old name and the new are typonyms of each other. This 

 is the case even when the author making such change describes a 

 different species, or cites incorrect synonyms or specimens that 

 belong to a different species. As an example of a simple change of 

 name we have, 6 " Panicum ramisetum Scribn. nom. nov. Panicum 

 subspicatum Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bui. 8: 25, 1889, not 

 Desvaux, Opuscules 84, 1831." The evidence here is complete that 

 Panicum ramisetum Scribn. and P. subspicatum Vasey are typonyms. 

 As an example of change of name accompanied by a description of 

 a different species may be given, Panicum polyneuron Steud. c The 

 author had evidently seen no specimen of this himself, but translates 



a Bull. Torrey Club 34 : 167-178. 1907. 



&U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 27: 9. 1900. 



cSyn. PI. Glum. 1:91. 1854. 



