Cope.] 1^4 [Dec. 16, 



position seen in Tarsius, as distinguished from the Indrisinee, Lemurince, 

 Galagince, etc. In this it also resembles the true Quadrumana. 



When we remember that the lower Quadrumana, the JSapalidm and 

 the CeMdce, have three premolar teeth, the resemblance to the higher mem- 

 bers of that order is more evident. The brain and its hemispheres are not 

 at all smaller than those of the Tarsius, or of the typical lemurs of the 

 present period. ■ This is important in view of the very small brains of the 

 flesh-eating and ungulate Mammalia of the Eocene period so far as yet 

 known. In conclusion, there is no doubt, but that the genus Anapto- 

 morphus is the most simian lemur yet discovered, and probably represents 

 the family from which the true monkeys and men were derived. Its dis- 

 covery is an important addition to our knowledge of the phylogeny of 

 man. 



Char, specif. The specimen is distorted by pressure, but its form is 

 normally nearly round, when viewed from above or below. The extremity 

 of the muzzle is broken away, but the alveolus of the external incisor in- 

 dicates that it is short, and not prolonged as in Tarsius spectrum. The 

 mandibular ramus, already described, proves the same thing. The orbits 

 are large, but not so much so as in Tarsius spectrum ; their long diameter 

 equals the width of the jaws at the last superior molar teeth inclusive. 

 The supra-orbital borders project a little above the level of the frontal 

 bone, which is concave between their median and anterior parts. The 

 cranium is wide at the postorbital region, in great contrast to its form in 

 the Adapidce, resembling the Necrolemur antiquus Filh. in this respect. 

 The postfrontal processes are wide at the basal portion, and flat. From 

 their posterior border the temporal ridges take their origin. These converge 

 posteriorly and probably unite near the lambdoidal suture, but this part 

 of the skull is injured. The anterior lobes of the cerebral hemispheres 

 are indicated externally by a low boss on each frontal bone. 



The paroccipital process is short and wide at the base, and it is directed 

 downwards and forwards. The alisphenoid descends so as to form a strong 

 wall on the anterior external side of the otic bulla. This is also the case 

 in Tarsius spectrum, but in the extinct species the descending ala is more 

 robust, and has a thickened margin. On the latter the external pterygoid 

 ala rests by smooth contact of its thickened superior edge. This ala is 

 twice as prominent as the internal pterygoid ala. The posterior nareal 

 opening is not wide, and its anterior border is parallel with the posterior 

 border of the last superior molar teeth. The palate is wide, and its dental 

 borders form a regular arcade as in man, being quite different from the 

 form usual in monkeys and lemurs, including Tarsius. Perhaps the form 

 is most like that of Microrhynchus laniger. The proximal parts of the 

 malar bone are prominent, and overhang the maxillary border, as in 

 Tarsius. 



The foramina ovale and lachrymale are rather large. There are two 

 infraorbital canals, lying beside each other, and issuing by two foramina 

 externa. The external appearance justified this conclusion, but the fact 



