Cope.] 454: fSept- 15 



lines, except in a few places on thd superior face of the horn. This sculp- 

 ture is strongly impressed, and is of medium coarseness. It extends on 

 the inferior face of the quadratojugal (?) posterior to the quadrate, and on 

 the inferior side of the horn at the edges. It is most extended below from 

 the interior edge, and for the terminal inch of the horn, is as well marked as 

 on the superior face. Elsewhere the sculpture of the inferior side passes 

 into punctre before disappearing. A groove marks the superior boundary 

 of the maxillary bone, which divides when it reaches the superior surface. 

 One branch descends behind the nostril, the other passes transversely 

 across the lachrymal bone and shallows out before reaching the middle 

 line of the muzzle. The mandible is even rougher than the superior sur- 

 faces, and has a longitudinal groove below the dental line, to near the 

 symphysis, where it runs out on the alveolar edge. The internal and ex- 

 ternal sides of the mandible posteriorly, are smooth. On the malar and 

 other facial bones there are four fossae in 9 or 10 mm. 



The atlas is peculiarly flattened above, the neural arch being a tube, 

 without neural spine. Its anterior tubular prolongation is not long, and 

 is deeply notched below. The condyloid fossse are widely spread trans- 

 versely and nearly flat, except that their surface is carried forwards on the 

 neural tube. They are well separated below. There is a strong hypa- 

 pophysial keel, which diminishes and runs out anteriorly. There are pre- 

 zygapophysial facets, but the postzygapophyses exist. Their superior edge 

 is however carried posteriorly to form the sides of the huge embracing 

 •zygantrum. These side processes, which I will call zygantropophyses,. 

 extend as far posteriorly as above the posterior end of the centrum of the 

 axis, embracing almost the whole of the neural arch. There is another 

 short median superior process, which notches the extremity of the zygos- 

 phen. The side of the atlas between the postzygapophysis and the con- 

 dyloid facet is wrinkled, and the inferior face finely punctate. 



In the axis, the hypopophysis is a large ridge with a horizontal truncate 

 edge. The costal heads of the diapophysis are not split to the base of the 

 latter and the superior is the more robust (extremities broken off). Cen- 

 trum concave posteriorly, and on each side of hypopophysis with reticulate 

 surface. A short zygantropophysis ; zygantrum not large. Exposed 

 summit of zygosphen (nearly equal neural arch) without neural spine. In 

 both the axis and other cervical vertebra, the superior diapophysis is con- 

 nected with the zygapophyses fore and aft, in accord with the shortness 

 of the centra. In the more posterior vertebra? they become separated on 

 account of the increasing length of the centrum. 



The third vertebra is like the axis, except in having a keel-shaped 

 neural spine, and a short obtuse zygosphen continued from its base ante- 

 riorly. With increasing length of centrum the diapophysis becomes longer, 

 and the hypapophysial ridge becomes wider, and coextensive with the in- 

 ferior face of the centrum. It is separated by an angle from the sides in 

 the longer vertebrae ; in those of intermediate length, the inferior face is 



