62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Glass sand. Sand for glass manufacture is obtained from the 

 beach sands of Oneida lake and Long Island. The crude sand 

 undergoes purification by washing to remove the clay, mica, iron 

 oxid, organic matter, etc. The manufacture of window glass, once 

 an important industry in the central part of the State in the vicinity 

 of Oneida lake where the sand was obtained, is no longer carried 

 on, as competition with the industry in regions more favored by 

 fuel supplies rendered it unprofitable. The small product of a few 

 thousand tons is shipped elsewhere for manufacture. 



Building sand. The use of sand and gravel in building and 

 engineering work calls for enormous quantities of these materials. 

 The business of excavating and transporting them to market is a 

 purely local one, except in certain parts of Long Island from which 

 the supply for New York and its environs is mostly obtained. 



A complete census of the sand industry can be obtained only 

 with an outlay of labor and expense which the results would hardly 

 justify. The figures given herewith are simply an approximation 

 based on reports received from producers operating in the principal 

 localities which sustain a more or less steady output. They no 

 doubt understate the total, as there are a large number of small 

 producers who do not report. 



The combined value of the sand and gravel as returned for the 

 year 1912 was $1,996,671. The total for the preceding year was 

 $1,229,103. Of the amounts named, $1,156,002 represents the 

 value of the sand and $840,669 that of gravel. Nassau county alone 

 had an output of 2,411,866 cubic yards of sand and 546,687 cubic 

 yards of gravel with a combined value of $1,539,621. 



SAND-LIME BRICK 



The sand-lime brick manufacturers experienced a very success- 

 ful season in 19 12, as evidenced by their large output. They were 

 favored by an active demand for structural materials that obtained 

 throughout most sections of the State, and it would appear also 

 that the material has been gaining in popularity since its rather 

 recent appearance on the market. There were fewer plants oper- 

 ated than in earlier years, but the average production was con- 

 siderably larger. 



The number of brick made within the year was 21,231,000, as 

 compared with 15,178,000 in 191 1. The total has never been ex- 

 ceeded; the largest output previously was in 1906 when it numbered 

 17,080,000. The value of the product for the last season was 



