THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY IC)I2 91 



making artificial stone, using the waste from the former operations. 

 The marble is used with white portland cement to make a very 

 light-colored product, or mixed with darker rock, in which case 

 the finished material is a close imitation of granite. The stone, 

 after casting in molds, is usually hammer dressed. 



The Kapailo Manufacturing Co. has a crushing plant at the old 

 Tuckahoe Marble Company's quarry where it makes crushed stone, 

 sand and dust for concrete and stucco. The company has recently 

 pumped out the quarry which it intends to operate for its uses. 



SANDSTONE 



Under sandstones are included the sedimentary rocks which 

 consist essentially of quartz grains held together by some cement- 

 ing substance. Among the varieties distinguished by textural fea- 

 tures are sandstones proper, conglomerates, grits and quartzites. 



Of the sedimentary rocks which occur in the State, sandstone 

 has the largest areal distribution, while in economic importance it 

 ranks second only to limestone. Nearly all the recognized strati- 

 graphic divisions above the Archean contain sandstones at one or 

 more horizons. The kinds chiefly quarried are the Potsdam, Hud- 

 son River, Medina and Devonic sandstones. A few quarries have 

 been opened also in the Shawangunk conglomerate and the Clinton 

 and Triassic sandstones. 



The Potsdam of the Upper Cambric is the lowest and earliest in 

 age of the sandstones that have a fairly wide distribution and are 

 utilized for building purposes. The most extensive outcrops are 

 along the northern and northwestern borders of the Adirondacks, 

 in Clinton, Franklin, St Lawrence and Jefferson counties. Other 

 exposures of smaller extent are found in the Lake Champlain valley 

 and on the southeastern edge of the Adirondack region. These 

 latter areas represent the remnants of a once continuous belt that has 

 been broken up by folding, faulting and erosion. The Potsdam 

 sandstone has in many places the character of a quartzite, consist- 

 ing of quartz grains cemented by a secondary deposition of quartz, 

 and then is a very hard, tough and durable stone. The quartzite from 

 St Lawrence county has sustained a crushing test of -more than 

 42,000 pounds to the square inch. The color varies from deep red 

 to pink and white. The principal quarries are near Potsdam and 

 Redwood, St Lawrence county, and Malone and Burke, Franklin 

 county. Besides building stone, which is the chief product, there 



