46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Cress., interesting because of its ovipositing in the egg and the para- 

 site developing in the larva of its host, is a very efficient check in 

 the Southern states at least. 



Ground beetles, especially species of Calosoma, undoubtedly feed 

 upon the caterpillars, one of the common and efficient forms being 

 the fiery ground beetle, C . c a 1 i d u m Fabr. 



Remedial measures. The adoption of preventive or remedial 

 measures must depend very largely upon conditions. Restricted 

 outbreaks upon lawns can doubtless be controlled most efficiently 

 by early and thorough spraying with an arsenical poison, using about 

 2 pounds of arsenate of lead (15 per cent arsenic oxid) to 50 gal- 

 lons of water. If there are local reasons why a poison of this 

 character should not be employed, many of the caterpillars could 

 doubtless be destroyed by liberal, and if necessary, repeated appli- 

 cations of a kerosene emulsion, the standard formula diluted with 

 9 parts of water. It would be well if this latter were employed 

 on lawns, to follow the application of the kerosene emulsion with a 

 copious drenching of water. In some instances the use of a poisoned 

 bait such as succulent clover dipped in Paris green water, or even 

 a poisoned bran mash may be advisable. These latter, if used, 

 may well be distributed just before dusk in order that they may 

 remain fresh and attractive for the longest possible time. 



Invasions from adjacent fields may be prevented by the use of 

 mechanical barriers such as furrows, boards with strips of tar and 

 other means employed for checking similar movements of the 

 true army worm caterpillars. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 

 1797 Smith, J. E., & Abbott, J. Lep. Ins. Ga., 2:191 

 1869 Walsh, B. D., & Riley, C. V. Amer. Ent. 1 :2io 



1869 Riley, C. V. Ins. Mo., 1st Rep't, p. 87-88 (wheat cut worm) 



1870 Amer. Ent. & Bot., 2:328-29, 340, 363-65 (Prodenia 



autumnalis) 



1870 Ins. Mo., 2d Rep't, p. 41 



1871 Ins. Mo.. 3d Rep't, p. 109-17 (Prodenia autumnalis) 



1876 Ins. Mo., 8th Rep't, p. 48-49 (var. fulvosa and obscura) 



1878 French, G. H. Ins. 111., 7th Rep't, p. 97-98, 219 



1881 Riley, C. V. Amer. Ent., 15:751 



1881 Marten, John. Ins. 111., 10th Rep't, p. 138 



1882 Riley, C. V. Papilio, 2:43 (Prodenia autumnalis) 



1883 U. S. Ent. Com., 3d Rep't, p. 80-98 



1885 Hubbard, H. G. Ins. Aft. Orange, p. 150-51 

 1885 Riley, C. V. U. S. Ent. Com., 4th Rep't, p. 353 

 1885 Forbes, S. A. Ins. 111., 14th Rep't, p. 55-67 



