REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I912 89 



gallons of water and here there was little or no injury. Numerous 

 other trees in the same general region and growing under practi- 

 cally identical conditions, excepting that they were not sprayed 

 with the above mentioned insecticide, were in a vigorous condition 

 (see plates 8 and 9). 



Many trees on an adjacent farm were also sprayed with the 

 same insecticide and at about the same time, it being used in this 

 instance, however, at the rate of 3 gallons to 50 gallons of water. 

 A few of these trees were seriously injured. One large spy tree 

 escaped with injury to the outer branches, those in the center be- 

 ing so well protected that they probably received little of the 

 application. A large Gravenstein was badly affected on one side 

 and it was stated that this tree was sprayed with a south wind and 

 the injury was practically confined to the south side of the tree. 



Another person in the immediate vicinity used the same material 

 at the rate of 3 to 50, spraying at about the same time and treat- 

 ing many pear trees and a number of apple trees. Many of the 

 Baldwins, in particular, died and a number of the pear trees 

 showed unmistakable evidence of severe injury. Our attention 

 was called to several young pear trees having extended blistered 

 areas, and examinations later in the season showed that in some 

 cases this was followed by death of the affected bark, and in one 

 instance at least, by the death of the tree. 



An orchard badly infested by San Jose scale was also sprayed in 

 this neighborhood and there was much less injury to the trees 

 and marked benefits so far as destroying the scale is concerned. 



More disastrous conditions were noted in a Baldwin orchard 

 some two miles distant and set nineteen years before. This orchard 

 was sprayed with the same miscible oil, used at the rate of one gal- 

 lon to 15 gallons of water, the application being made early in De- 

 cember, probably the 10th to the 13th inclusive. Practically all the 

 trees sprayed at this time, over one hundred, were in a nearly ruined 

 condition and most of them were subsequently cut down by the 

 owner. The line of injury was very sharply defined. Trees in wei 

 places which could not be reached on account of the soft condition 

 of the land, and others which were not sprayed because the engine 

 broke down, escaped without injury. Even here there were one or 

 two trees sprayed from but one side and showing injury only on 

 the treated portion. An examination of the dying limbs and trunks 

 of the affected trees showed a discoloration of the inner bark and 

 irregular spotting of vital tissues practically as noted above (see 

 plate 8, figure 1). 



