68 S. V. WOOD ox A IN'EW DEPOSIT OF PLIOCEXE AGE 



Crag forms not known living. The first tjwo are probably alsa 

 species of the Miocene of Touraine, as Cyprcea affinis, and Buccimim 

 graniferum, of Dujardin. 



The great muricated form of Calyptrcea chinens'is does not occur 

 in the Miocene of Trance, the form there being small. A large 

 form of the species is figured by Homes from the Vienna beds. 



Nassa serrata, and all the forms of it figured as distinct species 

 by Bellardi, as well as N. Emiliana, do not occur above the Lower 

 Pliocene ; N. serrata, N. Emiliana. and one other species of the 

 group {N. hisot'ensis, var. A) occur also in the Upper Miocene. IS'one 

 are known living. 



. Nassa recticostata is a species of the Upper Pliocene only. It is 

 not known living. 



Turritdla triplicata and Bingicula huccinea do not live north of 

 Yigo (lat. 42"), whence they range southwards to the Canaries, 

 and through the Mediterranean. Both are among the commonest 

 species of the Coralline Crag. 



Nassa mutcibilis, as well as all the Nassa; of that group, and 

 Euthria cornea^ are only known as fossils from South European 

 beds. In the living state Nassa mutahilis and Euthria cornea 

 range through the Mediterranean ; but outside that sea, their 

 northernmost place of occurrence is Cadiz, in lat. 36° 30'. The 

 shells figured by Brown, Xyst, and others, as Fusus corneus, belong 

 to a group of which Fusus islandicus is the type, and which inhabits 

 the Xorth and Arctic Seas, and occurs in the Xorth-Sea Crag, older 

 and newer. 



Natica milUpunctata is, in the living state, confined to the Medi- 

 terranean ; but, in the fossil, it occurs in the Miocene and Pliocene 

 of Southern Europe in general. The Coralline and Eed Crag form 

 N. muJtipunctata, my father did not consider identical with it. 



Artemis exoleta is represented in the Eed Crag by A. lentiformisj 

 J. Sow., a closely allied but identical shell. It is not known from 

 the Coralline Crag, but is regarded as a Miocene species. It is 

 also a South-Italian Pliocene fossil, and ranges living from Xorway 

 to the Mediterranean. 



Of the other species obtained, save those peculiar to the deposit, 

 most range in the living state from K'orway to the Canaries, and 

 through the Mediterranean. 



One of them only is known to reach the Greenland or Spitzbergen 

 Seas also. Two range no further soutli than Britain, as far as vet 

 known. Some of these occur so far back as the Miocene, others 

 not further than the Pliocene, while six of them, all minute 

 living species, are not known (except in this deposit) as fossils 

 at all, or only as fossils of the latest beds. Nucula proxima is a 

 living Korth-American shell, occurring in the Coralline Crag as N. 

 trigonula, but it may be the same as a living iS'orwegian species, 

 N. tumidula. 



The character of the Mollusca, as a whole; is essentially southern, 

 no peculiarly arctic shell having as yet occurred. 



Both in the positive and negative aspects of this group of Mollusca 



