GEOLOGY OF ^^:W ZEALAND. 207 



(Aotea Series). On the east coast it appears to be largely developed 

 in the northern part of Hawke's Bay, extending inland to Lake 

 Waikaremoana *, and eastward to Poverty Bay (Turanganui Series) ; 

 but the fossils require more examination before the proper position 

 of this series can be ascertained. In the Wellington Province it 

 has only been recognized in the neighbourhood of Cape Palliser f. 

 Yaluable seams of coal lie conformably below marine sandstones 

 belonging to this system at the Bay of Islands, and at Whangarei. 

 The coal-beds of Drury and the Waikato underlie the system 

 uuconformably, but the}" probably belong to itt. 



In the South Island it occurs at Takaka and Tata Island in 

 Golden Baj^ and extends down the west coast for some distance 

 from Cape PareweU ; it is found again from Cape Poulwind to 

 Greymouth. On the east side of the island, commencing at Cook's 

 Straits, it occurs at intervals along the eastern flanks of the 

 mountains all through Marlborough, Canterbury, Otago, and South- 

 land to the Waiau river. Some of the inland valleys on both sides 

 of the Alps are also partly filled with rocks belonging to this system. 

 Yaluable seams of brown coal are found at Dunedin, Tokomairiro, 

 Kaitangata, and Nightcap HUls in Southland. In J^elson Province 

 the brown coals of West Wanganui probably belong here, as also 

 may much of the brown coal up the Buller river. 



I have, in another communication to the Society §, given my 

 reasons for thinking that this system is unconformable to the 

 Waipara System in the northern part of Canterbury. No well- 

 defined junction is found in Otago : but both at the Horse Ranges 

 and at Mt. Hamilton (fig. 3,/ and g), the general geological structure 

 of the country leaves no doubt that the two are also unconformable 

 therejl. There is no published section showing the relation between 

 the two systems at Greymouth. The system attains an elevation of 

 about 4000 feet in the North Island, east of Lake Waikaremoana. 

 In the South Island it probably never exceeds 2500 feet. 



Eemains of Cetaceans have been found at Caversham^, near 

 Dunedin, at Weka Pass, and many other places. A Zeuglodont 

 {Kehenodon onemata, Hector **) has been found at the Waitaki. A 

 gigantic penguin {Pcda^eudyptes antarcticus^ Huxley ft), occurs at 

 Oamaru in the Ototara building-stone ; a splendid specimen from 

 here is in the Otago Museum ; also at the Curiosity Shop on the 

 Rakaia Eiver, at Trelissick Basin, at Amuri Bluff, and near Brighton 

 on the west coast Xt' ^ crab {Harpactocarcinus tumidus, H. Wood- 



* Cox, Eeports of Geological Surrey, 1874-6, ]D- 102. 

 t M'^Kay, Eep. Geol. Siirv. 1878-9, p. 80. 

 j Trans. N. Z. Institute, iii. p. 244. 



I " On the Geological Eelatious of the Weka-pass Stone." 



II Geology of Otago, p. 50. 



^ Including a skull in the Otago Museum. 

 ^* Trans. N. Z. Institute, vol. xiii. p. 435. 



tt Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. iii. p. 509 ; and Quart. Journ. GeoL Soc. xv. 

 p. 670 (1859). 



\X Hector, Trans. N. Z. Inst. iv. p. 341. 



g2 



