XXX1V PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Calicotherium. 
*«< Dichobunes. 
“< Anoplotherium. 
“« Hippohyus and Cheropotamus seem to have stood nearest to the 
existing Peccari and the Hog tribe: <Anthracothertum or Merycopo- 
tamus were perhaps more nearly allied to Hippopotamus. Cuvier 
thought the Anoplotherium to bear a close affinity to the Camelidee, 
and Dichobunes seems to have approached the Musk-deer (Mos- 
chide).”’ 
In this communication Professor Owen shows that to his catalogue 
of extinct British mammals we have now to add two quadrupeds, one 
as large at least as the tapir, the other as the boar, with the full com- 
plement and kinds of teeth characteristic of the typical Ungulata, 
$—3 1-1 4-4 3-34, 
Rg Soper 24 Sarees ae 
In the second part of this memoir, Professor Owen enters upon 
large and general views, combined with the needful comparisons, re- 
specting the Ungulata, the characters of which are given as follows :— 
I. Artiodactyla. Hoofed quadrupeds with toes in even number, 
as two or four, and which have a subdivided or complex stomach, 
and a moderate-sized simple ceecum. Ex. Oz, Hog, Peccari, Hippo- 
potamus. 
II. Perissodactyla. Hoofed quadrupeds with functional toes on 
the hind foot in uneven number, as one or three, and which have a 
simple stomach, and an enormous or complex cecum. Ex. Horse, 
Tapir, Rhinoceros, Hyraz. 
Ill. Proboscidia. Resembling the preceding in haying toes in 
uneven number (5), a comparatively simple stomach, and an enor- 
mous cecum, but combining, with a long proboscis, so many pecu- 
liarities of structure as to merit the rank of a distinct group of 
Ungulata. 
Professor Owen, endeavouring to see, as he says, whither and how 
far the thread of comparative anatomy may guide us in the maze of 
the affinities of the recent and extinct animals with hoofed extremi- 
ties, observes, “‘ It is evident at the first glance that the known genera 
cannot be ranged in a single linear series in the order of their natural 
affinities : it will be equally evident,” he continues, “‘ by the digital, 
the osteological, dental, and visceral characters adduced, that the 
horse is not the next of kin to the camel or ox, even among existing 
genera, but that the proboscideans apart, all the other ungulate qua- 
drupeds are divisible into natural, and, upon the whole, parallel series, 
having respectively the Anoplotherium and Paleotherium as their 
VIZ. :—2n 
types, which genera, so far as our actual knowledge extends into the ~ 
dark vistas of the past, were their first, or amongst their earliest re- 
presentatives on this earth. The known families or genera of the 
odd-toed and even-toed hoofed quadrupeds respectively headed by 
these two extinct genera, may be ranged as follows: but much addi- 
tional special knowledge must be obtained before their order of juxta- 
position can be precisely determimed.”’ 
| 
