ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. xlv 
the mud, silt, or sand in which these remains have been entombed, 
they become mingled with the accumulations of the present time. 
Since bones have been thus detected with serpulee adhering to them, 
and still alive, it will be evident, if these bones be again enveloped 
in detrital deposits, that they will be mingled with the shells now 
living, as well as with any which, like the bones, may have been en- 
veloped in the origimal deposits, and which were too heavy to be 
removed with the mud, silt, or sand. 
We have next to consider the superposition of rocks, their sup- 
posed equivalents in different regions, and general classifications of 
them. Mr. Beete Jukes has described a series of deposits in the vi- 
cinity of Sydney, New South Wales, estimated at about 2000 feet in 
thickness, which he refers to the geological date of the accumulations 
for which the name palzeozoic has been employed of late. The low- 
est part of the series near Sydney, to which the term Wollongong 
sandstones is given, is commonly thick-bedded, fine-grained, often 
slightly calcareous, and contams many concretionary nodules, from: 
two inches to two feet in diameter. This arenaceous deposit is esti- 
mated at from 300 to 400 feet thick, and contains the remains of 
Stenopora, Producta, Spirifer, Pachydomus, Orthonota, Pleuroto- 
maria and Bellerophon. Above these sandstones come the strata 
associated with coal, the beds of which are represented as not likely 
to be important. The thickness of this accumulation is taken at 
about 200 feet. Surmounting this there are shales and sandstones, 
about 400 feet thick, and upon these comes the thick mass of sand- 
stone named by Mr. Clarke the Sydney sandstone, from 700 to 800 
feet thick, and composed of thick beds of white and light yellow sand- 
stones, varying from fine-grained to coarse, containing quartz pebbles. 
In lithological appearance these beds were found to resemble the 
millstone grit and lower coal-measures of the north of England. 
Crowning the whole are shales at least 300 feet thick, in which are 
a few small fragmentary vegetable impressions and pieces of leaves. 
Fish are also stated to have been discovered in them. As a general 
fact, perfect conformability of the whole series, and a gradual transi- 
tion of their divisions into each other, were observed. 
Mr. Beete Jukes also notices sandstones and limestones, referred to 
the same palzeozoic age, and igneous rocks in the south-east of Tas- 
mania. The igneous rocks are very confusedly mingled with the two 
former, while they sometimes traverse and are intermingled with 
them, and sandstones rest undisturbed against old cliffs or ledges of 
trap-rock at others. Limestones near Hobartown afforded the re- 
mains of Stenopora, Fenestella, Caryophyllea, Producta, Spirifer 
and Pecten. An argillaceous sandstone at Point Puer gave Pro- 
ducta, Spirifer, Pterinea, Orthonota, Allorisma, Pachydomus and 
Peeten. The rocks of Kagle Hawk Neck, where occurs the tessel- 
lated pavement (one of the celebrities of Tasmania), formed of a 
hard, fine-grained and compact grey sandstone so split up by divisional 
planes as to have a tessellated aspect, furnished Fenestella, Pro- 
ducta, Spirifer, Platychisma and Pachydomus. Among the sand- 
stones of Norfolk Bay coal occurs and is worked, and in the sand- 
