80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
however, by which I have shown the former probable extension of 
the mountain limestone over the district, may be applied to the new 
red sandstone on the west and south-west of the district. Its rise 
towards the centre of the district is so rapid, as to show that no part 
of the surface of the district could, at the time of the deposition of 
the sandstone, have attained to any considerable elevation. Analogy 
with the surrounding districts also goes far to establish this conclu- 
sion. Ingleborough has manifestly been beneath the sea since the 
great dislocating movements of the Carboniferous series ; and, in fact, 
the reasoning of the preceding paragraph would establish the same 
conclusion with respect, probably, to the very highest portions of the 
mountain limestone range. All this is in perfect harmony with my 
conclusion respecting the district with which we are immediately 
occupied. 
I have supposed the whole of the Carboniferous series above the 
limestone along the line of section to have been removed between the 
Lake district and the Penine fault, there being no evidence of its actual 
existence there. 
(5.) The succeeding period was again one of repose, in which the 
deposition of the Saliferous system took place. It is represented in 
fig. 7 previous to its dislocation and subsequent denudation. I have 
seen no accurate estimate of the thickness of the existing new red 
sandstone in the vale of Eden, but it must be several hundred feet 
in the sandstone hills near Penrith; nor is it likely to have been 
originally less in the deeper part of the vale, near the Penine fault. 
We cannot, I think, suppose its thickness there to have been less than 
500 or 600 feet. 
The height of the lowest part of the limestone ridge across Stain- 
moor is stated to be about 900 feet above the valley below, where we 
find the conglomerate already mentioned as the lowest bed of the 
new red sandstone group. Consequently, supposing the relative ele- 
vation on opposite sides of the Penine fault to have remained the 
same as at the epoch referred to in fig. 7, the depth of the ocean at 
the foot of the limestone ridge, and opposite to that part of it which 
now constitutes Stammoor, may not then have exceeded 300 or 400 
feet. 
But I consider it highly probable that the relative elevation of the 
ridge produced by the Penine fault has been increased since the epoch 
we are speaking of. In some parts of the Tynedale fault this eleva- 
tion has undoubtedly been increased since the deposition of the mag- 
nesian limestone, which was probably contemporaneous with that of 
the conglomerate of Kirkby Stephen. This latter formation has also 
been considerably disturbed near Brough*, and in such a manner as 
to indicate an increase in the height of the limestone ridge. Further, 
the new red sandstone has been very much disturbed, as already 
stated, on the western side of the Lake district. I consider, there- 
fore, an increase in the relative height of the Penine range since the 
entire deposition of the new red sandstone to be at least so far pro- 
* These facts are stated by Mr. Phillips in his Geology of Yorkshire, vol. ii. 
