84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
might tend to give to them. The greater the former of these, the 
less, ceteris paribus, would be the deviation, which would be zero, 
if the beds were vertical ; for it is manifest that no vertical movement 
(such as I am here supposing the local elevation to arise from) could 
affect the strike of a vertical bed. For this reason the direction or 
strike of the fault will not be changed by such a movement, the 
plane of the fault being (as it may be assumed to be) very nearly 
vertical. Consequently, the origimal parallelism of strike and dislo- 
cation would be destroyed by any subsequent movement which should 
affect the strike of the beds. 
14. The great faults of the Duddon, Coniston, Windermere, and 
Troutbeck, coincide in direction with what appears to be the general 
strike of the older beds; and in their more southern portions they 
coincide nearly with the actual strike in these localities ; while in ap- 
proaching the central group of mountains, there is a deviation from 
this comcidence precisely similar to that represented in the last dia- 
gram*. These theoretical considerations would therefore lead me 
to conclude that the great faults are referable to the original elevation 
of the older rocks, but that a subsequent elevation gave to the district 
of the Lakes its actual configuration. 
I conceive the greater part of the other dislocations, more especially 
those most distinguished by their divergency from the centre of the 
district, to have originated in this subsequent local elevation; for a 
system of dislocations thus characterized would necessarily result 
from such an elevation. Making this hypothesis, let us compare the 
actual with the theoretical directions of these fractures as given in 
the second diagram of Article 12, supposing the directions of dip and 
fracture to coincide. Those along the valleys of Borrowdale and Der- 
wentwater, Buttermere, Ennerdale, Wastwater, and the upper part 
of Eskdale, appear to coimceide accurately with the mean dip which 
would be given by the local elevation we are considering, and indicated 
in the diagram. Along Crummock lake the direction is somewhat 
more northerly than the theoretical direction, which is again resumed 
however along Loweswater. The deviation must be considered ac- 
cidental. The lower part of Eskdale would present some anomaly if 
considered as having originated in a dislocation ranging along it; 
but for reasons already assigned (Art. 5), the portions of such val- 
leys most remote from the centres and lines of elevation can never be 
taken safely as indicating directions of dislocation, unless, as in the 
case of the valley of the Duddon, independent evidence of fracture 
can be detected. 
The valley of Long Sleddale does not deviate from its theoretical 
direction in an appreciable degree; that of the Lune Gmmediately south 
of Tebay) slightly perhaps from the N.K. On the north-eastern 
side, the Haweswater dislocation must coincide with our mean dip as 
nearly as we can estimate it. If we take the mean direction of Uls- 
water from Glencom to Pooley Bridge, the deviation from the mean 
* The strike is distinctly indicated by the calcareous bed, the dislocations of 
which, as already explained, indicate the great faults above mentioned. 
