130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Nov. 3; 
The retention of the full complement of the Ungulate dentition in 
the Anoplotherium, the persistence of the division of its cannon-bones, 
or rather of the individuality of its two chief metacarpals and meta- 
tarsals, and the non-development of horns at any period of life, all 
contribute to give it the character rather of an over-grown embryo- 
ruminant—of a ruminant in which growth had proceeded with arrest 
of development, than of a pachyderm, or animal of a different order 
of mammalia. 
The well-grounded confidence which Cuvier’s vast experience had 
given him in the law of correlation of animal structures led him to 
express the suspicion that the stomach of the Anoplotherium would 
more resemble that of the Ruminants than do those of the Peccari and 
Hippopotamus—the pachyderms that have also a much-divided sto- 
mach. “Et lon sait du reste que Pestomac des chameaux, bien que 
véritable estomac de ruminant, s’écarte en plusieurs points de ceux 
du reste de cette famille*.” 
Now, since the third cavity of the ruminant-stomach (psalterium) 
is that which is last developed in the typical Pecora, and is wanting 
in the embryo-state of these, we may even infer that the pomt or main 
point in which the complex stomach of the Anoplotherium must have 
differed from that of the typical Ruminant, would be in the absence 
of the ‘ psalterium.’ 
One cannot doubt, at least, the accuracy of Cuvier’s idea that the 
stomach of the Anoplotherium must have been subdivided or complex, 
and we may with equal reason ascribe to it a comparatively small and 
simple czecum, as in the Camel and other ruminants. 
Cuvier cites the Tapir as being one of the pachyderms with a com- 
plex stomach (l’estomac trés-divisé) : but my dissections of both the 
American and Indian species confirm the statement by Mr. Yarrell+, 
that the stomach of this three-toed pachyderm is ‘a single cavity.’ It 
resembles, in fact, the stomach of the Rhmoceros and Horse ; and has 
a thick cuticle or epithelium continued over part of its cardiac end. 
The ceecum of the Tapir is capacious and sacculated on longitudinal 
bands, as in the Horse and Rhinoceros. 
This interesting conformity in the main features of the alimentary 
canal with the other “ pachydermes a doigts impairs,” with which it 
had been associated by Cuvier, has led me to repeat with care a series 
of researches on the alimentary canal of the odd-toed and even-toed 
hoofed quadrupeds, the results of which were embodied in the cha- 
racters of a classification of the UNecuLata, proposed in my ‘ Odon- 
tography’ (p. 523), in which the Ruminantia take their place as a 
subordinate group of the great natural even-toed (artiodactyle) divi- 
sion of the hoofed section of mammals. 
* J. e. t. iil. p. 149. 
+ Zoological Journal, vol. iv. 1829, p. 211, pl. 7. fig. 3. 
