1848.| AUSTEN ON BEDS CONTAINING PHOSPHATE OF LIME. 259 
All these several places present old pits from which the marly 
green earth has been taken in former times, doubtless for the purpose 
of amending the land; yet the period in some instances must be re- 
mote, as these pits are often occupied by large timber trees. 
After having ascertained the positions of the several seams of phos- 
phate nodules at the above-named localities, I visited those from 
which Mr. Paine is now raising this material in the neighbourhood 
of Farnham. The sections here are not so instructive, owing to the 
horizontality of the strata and the great accumulation of clayey gravel 
which covers the surface; the cretaceous beds have not in this part 
of the Wealden denudation that regular northern inclination which is 
given them in Dr. Fitton’s section, and over the whole expansion of 
the middle group of beds from Farnham to Petersfield there is a 
series of undulations of which the axes shift round from N. and S. 
to E. and W., producing ridges having gentle opposite dips. 
The component beds of the cretaceous series in the vicimity of 
Farnham differ only in one instance from the series exhibited near 
Guildford, and which I described in ‘Geol. Proc.’ vol. iv.; the ex- 
ception is presented in the strata exposed in the great quarry on 
the road from Farnham to Crondall. Dr. Fitton notices it as a 
“‘cream-coloured subcalcareous sandstone,’ which well describes its 
appearance, but the calcareous portion hardly amounts to two per 
cent.; the great mass of it is friable, passing occasionally into cherty 
sandstones ; these sandstones rest on the gault, which along the lower 
part of the valley forms the subsoil of the rich hop-ground west of 
Farnham ; and they are clearly seen m the road section to be suc- 
ceeded by a band of bright green sand. This mass of sandstone is 
the equivalent of the fire-stone to the eastward and the malm-rock to 
the west, but differs from them in the absence of lime, and represents 
merely the course of a current, which at that particular period, be- 
tween the gault and upper greensand, drifted arenaceous and rather 
coarse materials along this particular line in the cretaceous ocean ; 
the course of this current seems to have been somewhat north and 
south. From this point on the Crondall road, I had the advantage 
of being conducted by Mr. Paine to every one of the pits from which 
he has procured the phosphate of lime. In the road-side quarry the 
uppermost bed is denuded, but it is seen in a quarry in a cultivated 
field close by, and is remarkable from contaming large nodules of 
pure white carbonate of lime. This bed is surmounted by a stratum 
of green earth from two to three feet thick, which has one subordi- 
nate line of nodules of phosphate. Crossing the valley, the same 
stratum of upper greensand is seen capping the whole of the ridge, 
over which Mr. Paine has opened numerous small pits, in the spoil 
from which the small, hard, dark-coloured nodules of phosphate are 
very abundant. Mixed with these are numerous fossils,—amor- 
phozoa, bivalve shells; the Monomyarize are perfect; the Dimyariz 
occur only as internal casts; these all consist of phosphate of lime. 
These beds are the uppermost of the upper greensand series, and may 
be followed till they pass beneath the lower white chalk. Across a 
small valley Mr. Paine is removing the capping of greensand and 
