XXXTlll PBOCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



conditions, of ^10,000, alike broke down before obstructive prejudices 

 and sectarian jealousy. 



Sir Charles married, in 1810, the youngest daughter of the Earl 

 of Ilchester, but leaves no surviving children. Notwithstanding a 

 very serious illness by which he was attacked a few years ago, the 

 deceased Baronet continued to exercise his hospitalities at Carclew, 

 and was able to attend his parish church within two days of his 

 death, which took place on the 11th of Pebruary, 1868, in the eighty- 

 fourth year of his age. 



Dr. James Black, formerly a resident at Manchester, died in 

 April last at Edinburgh, at the age of 79. Whilst in the practice 

 of his profession of medicine in Lancashire, he mingled much with 

 those friends of science who frequented the meetings of the Geolo- 

 gical and of the Philosophical Society of Manchester. He became a 

 Eellow of our ovm Society in 1838, and of the Geological Society of 

 France in 1848. Dr. Black contributed sundiy communications to 

 the Manchester societies, some on archaeological and others on 

 geological subjects. 



One of the most far-travelled of our Fellows was Mr. EvAiq- 

 HoPKES's, who died last summer at the comparatively early age of 

 57. Mr. Hopkins was a native of Swansea, and passed his juvenile 

 years in learning various branches of the processes of iron-making 

 at the gwat establishments of Penydarran, Dowlais, and Ehymney. 



In 1833 he received an appointment which took him out to South 

 America, to assume for an English company the responsible charge 

 of the gold- works of Marmato, and soon afterwards was entrusted 

 with the chief direction of the silver-mine of Santa Anna, and of 

 all the affairs of the Columbian Mining Association. On returning 

 to JEngiand in 1843 he jDublished a work on Geology and Mag- 

 netism, containing a variet}^ of extremely original views, illustrated 

 by reference to numerous observations of his own. After a further 

 visit to America, in the course of which he made extensive traverses 

 across the Andes, and effected a survey of the Isthmus of Panama, 

 he read a paper before this Society in March 1850, on the rocks 

 and cleavage of the great South- American chain, sujDporting his 

 statements by a beautifully drawn section fi^om the Pacific through 

 Bogota to the plains of the Meta. But the views of the author on 

 the subject of the mutual relations of the rocks were very peculiar, 

 and, although he deserves the credit of having strongly put forward 

 the importance of the phenomena of cleavage at a time when they 

 had attracted the attention of only a limited class, his knowledge of 

 stratigraphical geology was too imperfect to keep up with his native 

 genius and with his industry as a surveyor. He insisted strongly 

 on the universality of a certain direction in the strike of the planes 

 of cleavage, and on a vertical transition from the less to the more 

 highly crystalline rocks ; whilst his arguments against the igneous 

 origin of granite entitle him to be placed among the leaders of 

 a new school, who have, however, hitherto been far from agreeing 



