60 PROCEEDXDfGS OP TITE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Lastly follow liard dark-grey calcareons shales, and beds of lime- 

 stone (same colour), much contorted, and dipping about S. 60° W., 

 from 55° to 60°, the whole almost destitute of life, excepting a few 

 imperfect Orthocemta, and Corals of the genus Cyathopliyllum. 

 These beds form the entire southern portion of the island. It is not 

 necessary to continue this description around the western side of the 

 island, as the strata are similar to those of the eastern side. 



In comparing now the strata of this island with those of Prinkipo, 

 it win be seen that if we can prove the grey and purple shales of 

 the north-east coast of Prinkipo to be the same as those on Andiro- 

 vitho, of which there can be little doubt, we shall have found an 

 additional link to the series of Piimary strata of Prinkipo, which at 

 present is replaced by trachytic rocks, — and with the additional 

 interest that they exhibit a mass of evidence on the age of those 

 rocks not to be found elsewhere in the adjoining islands, nor yet on 

 the mainland, and without which the fossil evidence of the south- 

 west side of Prinkipo would be but fragmentary. As the case stands, 

 however, the mass of Coral evidence in these Andirovitho beds, 

 accompanied by that of other characteristic fossils, such as Atrypa 

 reticularis and A. squamosa and many EuompTiali tfcc, marks an 

 epoch distinct from that of the Lower Devonian shales of the Bos- 

 phorus, with their broad-winged Spirifers and the wonderful Coral 

 Pleurodictyum p7^obIematicum, and might with propriety be con- 

 sidered a " middle series," there being sufficient evidence to warrant 

 this, although several typical genera of similar rocks in England and 

 Germany have not yet been found, such as String ocephalus and 

 Megalodon. Be that as it may, we have a decided leaning to the 

 Upper Devonian in the fossiliferous shales and impure Hmestones of 

 the next series in ascending order, on the south-west side of Prin- 

 kipo, where Goniatites are in sufficient numbers to become charac- 

 teristic ; while Spirifers and other Brachiopoda are scarcely repre- 

 sented, and only by small forms. The Orthocerata are also more 

 plentiful, and of larger forms than any hitherto found. Trilobites, too, 

 are far from rare in these beds, but restricted, as in England, to the 

 genus Phacops, of which three species at least have been described. 



In conclusion, I would refer here to the finding of a small bone in 

 the beds (J^o. 7) on the south-west side of Prinkipo; and from its 

 appearance and section of fracture I should say that it is a bone of a 

 fish ; and if so, it is the first evidence of fish discovered, to my know- 

 ledge, in the Devonian strata of Turkey. 



4. Island of CliaTki. — This picturesque island lies to the north- 

 west of Prinkipo, and derives its name from the Greek work 

 " chalko," copper — tradition affirming that the metal abounds in 

 the island, and was largely worked in ancient times. This idea 

 appears to be based on the fact that large quantities of the supposed 

 scoria, from the smelting of the ore, are still lying strewed along the 

 beach of the southern and eastern sides of the island ; whereas the real 

 facts of the case seem to be, that the supposed scoria is simply the 

 ironstone washed from the opposite trachytic clifi's of Prinkipo, yet 

 exceedingly similar in appearance to the cinder derived from copper- 

 smelting. 



