1867.] COLLINGWOOD — NORTHEEN PART OF FORMOSA. 95 



the north-east. Amongst these rocks are signs of volcanic action, in 

 the form of jets of steam containing large quantities of suli)hur, as 

 described in another paper*. It is said that similar snlphur-springs 

 are to be met with to the north of this point, among the hills and at 

 Takau-con, in the south. I observed, close to the water's edge, beside 

 a lagoon near the harbour, a spring of water strongly impregnated 

 with sidphur, and which taints the air of the vicinity with a strong 

 odour of sulphuretted hydrogen. 



On the opposite (north-east) side of the island, sandstone prevails ; 

 and the whole surroundings of Kelung are of that rock, which ex- 

 tends from Masou Peninsula, north of Kelung, to Petou promontory, 

 on the south and east. The section of the coast between these points 

 exhibits inclined beds of red sandstone, with an average dip of 16° 

 or 17° S.E., the weather-worn outcrops producing an undulating 

 country. The hills at the back of the town of Kelung are also of 

 the same formation, and have a similar dip and strike ; but at the 

 extreme eastern (or rather south-east) point of the line of section 

 exposed (viz. Petou promontory), the sandstone beds become suddenly 

 curved round from the inclined to a nearly Jiorizontal position. 



The harbour of Kelung is a spacious excavation or indentation of 

 these sandstone strata, the entrance being blocked by a low flat sand- 

 stone island, 10 feet high, called Bush Island, on the south side. Be- 

 tween this and the southern mainland, is a larger island, called 

 Palm Island, which was evidently made so by gradual wearing away 

 by the sea. 



The harbour of Kelung presents many remarkable and. interesting 

 features. The town, situated at the extreme end of it, and fully a 

 mile from Bush Island, lies upon a level plain, which gradually nar- 

 rows among the hills behind ; and these hiUs are conspicuously stra- 

 tified with the same character and direction as those on the coast. 



On the further side of this range is a small stream, which flows in 

 one direction downward to Kelung, and in the opposite direction be- 

 comes the Tumsuy river, which crosses the island to the west, the 

 same stream flowing on either side of a ridge or anticlinal axis in 

 opposite directions. 



The north side of the harbour is picturesquely indented, and 

 covered more or less with trees ; but the south side, where the 

 ascending strata are abruptly broken off, presents a beautiful succes- 

 sion of rounded knolls, separated by narrow valleys or ravines. 

 Several remarkable caverns exist on the north side. 



The effects of aqueous action upon the sandstone rock are very con- 

 spicuous in some parts of Kelung Harbour. Near one of the caves, and 

 immediately upon the verge of high water, is a taU isolated sandstone 

 rock, having the appearance of an old ruined castle, appropriately 

 named Ruin Rock. The harder layers of sandstone having defied 

 the effects of the weather, and of the spray which is dashed up during 

 the north-east monsoon, to which the harbour is exposed, the softer 

 portions have been more or less excavated, leaving k mimic resem- 

 blance of the ruined chambers of a building. But the most curious and 

 * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe, vol. xxiii. p. 382. 



