1868. 



DAWKINS — RniNOCEROS ETRTJSCUS. 



207 



3. On the Dentition of Rhinoceros Etruscus, Falc. 

 Dawkins, Esq., M.A., RR.S., F.G.S. 



[Plates VTI. & VIII.] 

 Contents. 



By AV. Boi D 



1. Introduction. 



2. Dental Formula. 



3. Permanent Upper Molar Dentition. 



4. Permanent Lower Molar Dentition. 



5. Comparative Measurements. 



(i. Affinities. 



7. Kange in Space and Time. 



1. Introdmtion. — The dentition of* three* of the fossil species of 

 Rhinoceros has ah-eady been defined, and there remains only that of 

 the fourth or Etruscan to complete the odontography of those mem- 

 bers of the genus that inhabited Britain during the Pleistocene 

 period. Some years ago Dr. Falconer, along with M. Lartct, had 

 detected in the collections of Mammalia from the Forest-bed, and 

 especially in that made by the Rev. John Gunn, teeth which clearly 

 were neither Megarhine nor Leptorhine. Similar teeth he also found 

 in Italy and Spain, and from their abundance in the former country 

 he named the animal to which they belonged Rhinoceros Etruscus. 

 Unfortunately its description was prevented by his sudden death ; 

 and the only authentic memorials consist of names attached to spe- 

 cimens in various museums, and of a few fragmentary notes which 

 were dictated to the Rev. S. W. King, and which are printed at the 

 feet of these pages f. At the time of Dr. Falconer's death there 

 were not sufficient materials in Britain for an accurate specific deter- 

 mination ; now, however, they are afforded by the entire molar series, 

 except the first premolar of the lower jaw, forwarded to me by the 

 kindness of the Rev. S. W. King, F.G.S. Specimens from France 

 have also been sent me by M. Lartet ; and others have been discovered 

 in the British Museum. I am therefore in a position to complete the 

 odontography of a species about which less is accurately known than 

 any other ranging through southern Europe. 



2. Dental Formula. — The number of teeth possessed by Rhinoceros 

 Etruscus is the same as that of the three species already described ; 

 it consists of 



Dm. t 



I. C. Pm. 2. 3. 4. M. 1. 2. 3. 

 4' I. CO Pm. 2. 3. 4. M. 1. 2. 3. 



The first premolar, if present at all, disappeared very early in life, 

 without leaving any trace behind — a point by which the animal may 

 be defined at once from all the Miocene species which have yet 

 been found. 



3. Permanent Upper Molctr Dentition. — Only two specimens of the 

 Etruscan milk-teeth have come before me : — the one a last lower 

 molar, in the possession of Mr. Fitch, of IS'orwich ; the other, con- 

 sisting of the milk-molars 3 and 4, in a jaw belonging to the Rev. 



* Nat. Hist. Rev. 1863, No. XII. p. 525 ; Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, No. XIX. p. 

 339 ; Quart. Journ. Geol. See. vol. xxiii. (1867), p. 213. 



t Since this paper was written (October 1867), Dr. Falconer's Memoirs have 

 been published (January 1868), in which all the memoranda bearing on the 

 species in his note-books are given. (Vol. ii. p. 354 et seq.) 



