1868.] 



DAWKINS UniNOCEROS ETRUSCUS. 



21' 



in Italy proves that its headquaileis weie in that country. No- 

 where is it associated with any of the animals fitted for living in a 

 severe climate. As the temperature of Preglacial France and 

 Britain became lowered at the approach of the Glacial epoch, it 

 retreated southwards, and most probably made its last stand in 

 Spain and Italy. There is not the slightest trace of its ever having 

 coexisted with Rhinoceros tichorhinus, which was its representative 

 in the Postglacial European fauna that, favoured by the cold, passed 

 southward over the Alps, at least as far as Eome. There has always 

 been considerable doubt as to the exact correlation of the Italian 

 PHocenes with the Postglacial deposits of France and Britain, be- 

 cause of the great probability that while animals capable of living 

 in a northern climate dwelt in those countries, a southern fauna 

 inhabited Italy. This point has lately been settled by the dis- 

 coveries of M. Caselli*, who has proved that the Cave-Hyaena and 

 Cave-Bear, the Mammoth, and Glutton passed southwards and 

 established themselves, to setj the least, in the midst of the Italian 

 Pliocene fauna. We have therefore the means of knowing that 

 the great ossiferous deposits of tlie Val dMrno are of Preglacial 

 age, because they contain animals exclusively of a southern type. 

 Even in Italy we have no proof that the Etruscan Rhinoceros was 

 living at the time of the irruption of the Postglacial mammals. 



In the following table I have represented the range in time of the 

 four fossil Rhinoceroses found in British Pleistocene deposits, that 

 their value in classification may be seen at a glance. 



Postglacial 



Glacial 



Brickearths of Thames Valley 



Preglacial 



Pliocene 



X <n 



oa ^ 



O 3 





^ C 







S^ 





O t^ 



c o 



C E?^ 



IS-g 



:3 ^ 



P^-J 



p^ a 



-tr 



! 



* 



- 1 





* 1 



... 



* 1 



2'^ i 





EXPLANATION OF PLATES VII. & VIII. 



(All the Figures are of the naturcd size). 

 Pl-Vte VII. 

 Fig, 1. Crowns of left upper Molar series, except m. 8. Pakefield. Nat. size. 



2. External laminje of the same specimen, natural size. 



3. External laminag of left lower Molar .series, except pm. 2. Pakefield. 



Plate VIII. 

 Pig. 1. Right upper Premolar 2. Etamp^s. M. Lart^t. 



2. Inner view of left upper Pi-emolar 3. Perolles. Brit. 

 3 a. Inner view of left upper true Molar 1. Val xi'Arno. 



3 b. External lamina of the sfime. 



4. Crown of right upper Molar 3. 



5. Crown of left upper Molar^S. 



Mus. 

 Brit. 



Ml 



Ibidem. 

 Pakefield. 

 Perolles. Brit. Mue. 



* Correspondance de Rome, May ,">, 1867. 



R 2 



