458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 20, 



tween 1200 and 1400 yards in length, the breadth being 1800 yards 

 from west to east. As, however, the additional mass also covers the 

 southern extremity of the old land of Nea Kaimeni, the total dimen- 

 sions of the mass from north to south amount to 1520 yards. The 

 new formation has the shape of a triangle, whose apex is directed 

 towards the south, and is from 90 to 100 feet above the sea, with steep 

 inaccessible walls, which towards the south still show indications of 

 movement, and still have a high temperature. I find by calculation 

 that the area of !N'ea Kaimeni, which before 1866 amounted to 9 J 

 millions of square feet (220 acres) has since been increased by 13| 

 millions of square feet (310 acres). Thus the present eruption has 

 done much more in two years than did the eruption of last century in 

 five years. On account of the great depth of the water, and the 

 continual access of the open sea, the temperature of the water near 

 the coast has not been remarkable, ranging between 77° and 122° F. 

 In fissures of the lava, however, the temperature of the water is not 

 unfrequently 158° P. At the northern foot of the old cone, and in 

 the neighbourhood of the former mole, thermal springs rise at the 

 level of the sea, whose temperature in January 1868 was from 135^° 

 to 140° F. At the eastern side and towards the southernmost ex- 

 tremity of the new deposit, there are still numerous white fuma- 

 roles. There are others like them, but on a smaller scale, at the top 

 of the old cone. Of the four islands of the 4th May there are now 

 only three visible. They are composed of rock of a deep -black colour, 

 glassy and fine-grained, but not altogether like obsidian. On the 

 westside of JS'ea Kaimeni, the old George Harbour has been greatly im- 

 proved by the new rock upheaved on the southern and western sides. 

 It is now from eight to nineteen fathoms deep, and safe even for 

 large ships. On the other hand, the channel between Nea and Micra 

 Kaimeni is now much encroached upon from the eastern side, and 

 shallowed to two fathoms, so that it is only passable for boats. 



It is known that the eruption of 1866 commenced with a de- 

 pression of the bottom of the volcano-harbour. In February of that 

 year I was informed by Herr L. Palassa of the splitting and sink- 

 ing down of the old cone, and also of the gradual subsidence of the 

 mole on the northern foot of the hill. In January 1868 we found 

 the mole quite under water, and almost entirely invisible, and all 

 the buildings around already partly submerged. The depression of 

 the old cone had advanced very manifestly since 1866, and the whole 

 southern side of the Micra Kaimeni had shrunk so much that I 

 estimated the result at not less than three feet. In Palaia Kaimeni 

 I could find no satisfactory evidence of similar subsidence ; and in 

 George Harbour, on the western side of Nea Kaimeni, the result 

 was also slight. The Aphroessa has long since disappeared ; and I 

 have not even been able to recognize its precise position, on account 

 of the great development of the lava towards the south-west. 



The " George " volcano is at present higher than its northern 

 neighbour, the old cone undergoing subsidence. Its height is about 

 325 English feet. It is a very regular hill, with a slope of from 30°to 

 32°, and is everywhere covered with ashes. It sends out a spur 



