490 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



conglomerate and its debris at this place. The implements were much 

 waterworn and very smooth, as if they had not been long exposed 

 to the roughening action of the atmosphere. The spot at which I 

 found these implements lies but little below what was probably the 

 uppermost limit of the laterite ; for on ascending farther up the hill 

 all lateritic debris is soon lost sight of, and the surface consists only 

 of a weathered crust of the Jurassic conglomerates, which are of 

 drab and grey colours, and in this district very free from ferruginous 

 matter. 



The other indications of the former greater extension of the 

 laterite deposits, occurring further to the north, which have been 

 alluded to, are met with in the northern half of the Nellore district, 

 in the shape of lateritic debris, occurring in scattered patches over 

 the general surface of the country, but at much higher levels than 

 the alluvia of the existing streams, which are excluively confined to 

 the generally deep and narrow valleys. 



The first of these patches that I had the opportunity of examining 

 lies to the south and south-east of the small town of Pamur, where a 

 broad tongue of high ground extends eastward from the foot of the 

 Byrawudi mountain, between the small rivers which unite to form the 

 Munair. This elevated water-shed is covered in many places with 

 enormously large gravel, a perfect boulder-gravel, of quartzite ; in 

 other places the gravel is of an ordinary character ; but in both cases 

 much ferruginous matter, in the form of pellets of clayey brown 

 haematite, accompanies the gravels, on the surface of which imple- 

 ments were found occasionally. In all these cases the implements 

 bore the strongest resemblance in point of stain, or possible adherence 

 of ferruginous matter, to the patch of gravel or debris on which they 

 occurred ; and I have no doubt that they were weathered out of the 

 underlying gravels. 



A careful examination of these gravels, which are well exposed in 

 the sides of various deep rain-gullies of recent formations, would, I 

 firmly believe, lead to the discovery of implements still imbedded in 

 situ, and well reward any explorer. It was not in my power to 

 give these deposits more than a very cursory examination, which I 

 greatly regretted, as it is not unlikely that some organic remains 

 might be found in the loamy beds which are here and there included. 

 The gravels especially deserving of examination are those near 

 Cumbaldinna, 8 miles E.S.E. of Pamur, and others further to the east 

 and south-east at E-anamuddagoo and Sullawarpully. The western- 

 most point in this region at which I found implements was at the foot 

 of the Yaimpand hill, 6 or 7 miles south of Pamur, where a gTeat accu- 

 mulation of the boulder-gravel is piled around the hill like a talus. 

 This gravel-bed lies at a very considerable elevation above the 

 general level of the country, which in its turn is shown, by the long 

 succession of rapids and falls in the rivers, to rise quickly after the 

 flats of the sea-coast have been left behind. Comparing the level of 

 this spot with that of the Soondy hills, which are 900 feet high, and 

 with some of the intermediate bills, it may be safely estimated at 

 nearly 600 feet above the sea-level. The annexed diagram section 



