1868.] FOOTE — INDIAN STONE IMPLEMENTS. 493 



Kunkurry deposit ; but its wide-spread extent and marl-like com- 

 position suggested to my mind the idea of its formation in fresh- 

 water lakes rather than by extensive river-action, in a place where 

 no large river has flowed probably for many ages past. 8ome few 

 specimens were obtained by Mr. King * from what he regarded as 

 an unquestionably fluviatile deposit ; but this was at a place close to 

 the foot of the mountains at the mouth of a large valley opening 

 into the plains, and where the presence of river-deposits would not 

 contravene in any way the probability of lake-deposits at lower 

 levels further away from the high ground. 



From several valleys on the eastern side of the NullamuUa 

 mountains chipped quartzite implements were obtained from 

 unquestionable river-gravels, — for example, the numerous imple- 

 ments found by Mr. King in the BolopuUy valley, and by myself in 

 the closely adjacent Mangtoor valley, and at Giddaloor and Putcharla 

 iu the neighbourhood of Cumbrun. All these were found at eleva- 

 tions of from 700 to 1000 feet above the sea-level. 



From the facts now described I venture to make the following- 

 deductions : — 



1st. That chipped-stone implements are found in, or associated 

 with, two sets of formations occurring at different levels above the 

 sea. 



2nd. That the low-level gravels and conglomerates of the coast- 

 laterite, and the coarse boulder-gravels of the middle grounds, in- 

 cluding the great accumulations of quartzite shingle, were deposited 

 or re- arranged into their present form, during one and the same 

 period, and are marine deposits. 



3rd. That during the latter part of this period an elevatory move- 

 ment was in progress, by which the land was raised between 500 

 and 600 feet. This was followed by a period of quiescence, during 

 which the laterite deposits underwent very extensive denudation, 

 particularly from the action of the rivers, which cut passages for 

 themselves across the belt of recently raised land, and in great 

 measure scoured out the lateritic deposits from the old river-vaUeys, 

 which had been scooped out of the gneissic rocks probably in much 

 more ancient times. 



To this period of quiescence succeeded a period of depression ; but 

 to what depth it proceeded we have as yet not sufficient evidence 

 to show ; probably it was not very great. During this time the 

 recent coast-alluvium was formed, and a small elevation then brought 

 up the land again to its present position. 



4th. It appears to me that there is no evidence as yet to prove or 

 disprove the contemporaneity of the high- and low-level implement- 

 bearing deposits. 



5th. It is very improbable that elevatory movements of such great 

 magnitude as those described in connexion mth the laterite forma- 

 tions of the eastern coast of India did not affect the whole peninsula, 

 at least to some extent ; and there seems to be a good deal of evi- 

 dence in favoui' of the idea that, in part at least, the laterite of the 

 * See Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Sept. 1867. 



