516 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



eloquent by its absence — the Reindeer, Mnsk-sbeep, and the other 

 members of the Arctic division, that are more or less abundant in 

 the later river- deposits. Negative evidence is of comparatively small 

 value by itself; but here it adds cumulative weight to the testimony 

 afforded by the unique series of cervine antlers, that the fresh- 

 water beds of Clacton were formed under conditions of climate 

 warmer than those under which we now live, and altogether differing 

 from those under which the Postglacial gravels were deposited. 

 As compared with the mammalia of the Forest-bed, the only species 

 in common are the Red-deer, Irish Elk, and Horse. 



The Bliinoceros Etruscus of the forest-bed is represented by the 

 Rhinoceros leptorhinus (Owen) at Clacton ; but this does not help us to 

 the differentiation of the two deposits, because both species are 

 found side by side in the Pliocene strata of the Yal d'Armo. 



The presence of the cave-Lion, on the other hand, points in the 

 direction of the Postglacial series. In fine, all that can be pre- 

 dicated of the geological horizon of the freshwater bed at Clacton is, 

 that it forms a term in the series of strata to which the Lower 

 Brick-earths of the Thames valley belong (a series apparently show- 

 ing a gradual passage from the Forest-bed towards the later river- 

 deposits termed Postglacial), and that it was formed before the im- 

 migration of Arctic mammals into Britain. 



DESCEIPTIOJSr OF THE PLATES. 

 Plate XVII. 



Figs. 1-6. Seines of right antler of Cerims Browni, one-fourth the natural size, 

 numbered in the British Museum: — (1) 27926, (2) 37778 A, 

 (3) 37778 B, (4) 27876, (5) 37778 c, (6) 37778 d. 



7. Fragment of crown 37778 e. 



Plate XVIII. 



Figs. 1. Eight antler, No. 27883. 



2. Fragment of antler with pedicle, No. 27956. 



3-8. Outlines of antler of Cervus dama, taken from Prof. Blasius'a ' Fauna.' 



13. On a I^EW Species of Dees from the ISToewich Ceag. 

 By W. BoTi) Dawkins, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S. 



[Plate XYIII. figs. 9-12.] 



Contents. 



1. Introduction. ] 3. Measurements. 



2. Description. j 4. Determination. 



1. Introduction. — The cervine antlers from the Crag and Forest-bed 

 are so various in form, and for the most part so fragmentary, and 

 the collections from the Miocene and Pliocene strata of France and 

 Germany contain so many species of deer, that the utmost caution 

 is necessary in estabhshing a new species. There is, however, one 

 antler preserved in the British Museum, obtained by Mr. Wigham 



