554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [June 17, 



to the attacks of subsequent denuding agents ; and this may be ac- 

 counted for, according to this geologist, by the non-existence, at the 

 present day, of any remains of the Quader, which formerly overlay 

 these granite hills. He also attributes the presence of the Jurassic 

 limestone at Hohnstein to the upheaval of the granite, which, bring- 

 ing that small portion of this rock found there from its place of deposit 

 beneath the sandstone, crushed and rubbed it, during its passage, 

 into the state of conglomerate in which it is now found ; while the 

 fact of the granite overlying the newer formation here and elsewhere, 

 he thinks, may be accounted for by the plutonic rock having been 

 subjected to a side movement in some parts, simultaneously with 

 the general vertical one throughout. 



The author having had many opportunities of examining and 

 studying portions of the division-line between the two rocks, formed 

 the opinion that no one of these theories can be said to account in a 

 satisfactory manner for all the phenomena which that line presents. 

 The first and last, namely, those by Weiss and Cotta, do, no doubt, 

 more than the others approach towards a sufficient explanation; 

 but even these can hardly be said to meet all the difficulties with 

 which the subject is invested. 



In objection to the side-movement theory, according to which the 

 granite was forced against and on to the hard Quader, we have the 

 fact that at Hohnstein, where one of the results of the explorations 

 made at that place was to prove that the older rock overlies the 

 sandstone to the extent of at least 900 feet, no curvature or disloca- 

 tion of the strata is observable in the latter, parts of which are laid 

 open to observation ap to within a few feet of the intervening cal- 

 careous layers, in a ravine running out of the Polenzvalley, in a di- 

 rection almost parallel with the granite border. It is true the rock 

 gives evidence of having been subjected to some action which has 

 materially affected the character of the stratification in this locality ; 

 this action, however, must have ceased before the induration was 

 complete ; for the vertical lines of parting are continued regularly 

 down through the strata as elsewhere, showing no fault, even to the 

 extent of a few inches, in the general run of the beds. 



Again, the layers of red and black clay, altogether more than 70 

 feet thick, which occur between the granite and calcareous conglo- 

 merate at Hohnstein, are separated by a well-defined line, and pre- 

 sent no signs of having been disturbed, at least to anything like the 

 extent which we might have expected to have been the case had 

 these soft and thick beds been subjected to the enormous pressure 

 which must have been exerted in pushing back the whole mass of 

 hardened sandstone (more than 1000 feet thick), especially when we 

 consider the broken and rugged faces of the over- and underlying 

 rocks between which the clay is found. 



According to the theory of Khpstein the granite region must have 

 had for its southern border a line of cliffs running east and west for 

 more than forty miles, and reaching to a height of at least 1000 feet 

 above the bottom of the sea which washed it during the Cretaceous 

 period. These cliffs, generally nearly perijendicular, must in some 



