12 GEOLOGICAL MEMOIRS. 



In the same year M. Pomel* described the remains of R, MerJcii, which 

 were found in certain deposits in Yelay, nnder the name of Atelodus 

 leptorMnus. M. Aymardf, in 1855, confused the remains of four spe- 

 cies of Rhinoceros together, and described B. Ji^rHi, with some others, 

 under the name of R. mesotropus. Lastly, Dr. Palconer % assured 

 himself, by personal examination, that the R. leptorMnus of Milan, de- 

 scribed by Cuvier, could not be confounded with the R. leptorMnus of 

 Clacton, described by Professor Owen ; for the latter he proposed the 

 name of R. Tiemitoeclius, in ignorance that this Ehinoceros a narines 

 demi-eloisonnees was specifically identical with that described long 

 before by Dr. Kaup, under the name of R. Merhii. The skull found 

 at Daxland, near Carlsruhe, in 1807, was described, in 1864§, by 

 Hermann von Meyer, under the name of R. Merhii. It is considered 

 by M. Lartet to belong to R. etruscus. 



In working out the synonymy of this species, M. Lartet has made 

 it possible to trace the former range of the animal. In England its 

 remains are found in the Lower Brick-earths of the Thames, and in 

 sundry bone-caverns. In Prance they have been found in the 

 fluviomarine sands of Montpellier, in the Pleistocene river-deposits, 

 and also, though more rarely, in caverns ; in Germany, in the dis- 

 tricts of Baden and Wiirtemberg ; in Italy, in the Phocene deposits 

 of Plaisantin, of the Milanais, and of Tuscany, as well as in the 

 Pleistocene deposits of the environs of E-ome. Teeth of the same 

 species have been found in the caverns of Spain, and characteristic 

 fragments have also been furnished by a cavern near Algiers, where 

 they were buried with the remains of elephants (ElepJias Africanus ?), 

 of PMicochoere, of Hycena (H. spelcea ?, crocuta ?), of panther, of porcu- 

 pine, &c., together with human bones and worked flints. Thus the 

 habitat of R. MerJcii, verified up to the present time, is bounded on the 

 one hand by the 51° of north lat., on the other by the 36°, with an 

 extension in longitude of 17°. It is almost identical with the area 

 occupied by R. leptorMjius (Cuvier) and R. etruscus, which are found 

 equally in Germany, Prance, Spain, and England ; but it is much 

 less than that of R. ticliorMnus, the range of which in latitude is 

 more than 30°, from the Pyrenees in the south to the 72nd parallel 

 in Siberia, over almost 130° in longitude. 



M. Lartet believes that Europe, in the Glacial epoch, was pos- 

 sessed of a milder and more equable climate than that now found 

 in the temperate regions, because it was broken up into islands 

 during the time of the great Boulder-clay deposits ; that after the 

 retreat of the glacial seas, it was exposed to the conditions of a 

 continental chmate ; that the summers were hotter and compelled 

 the reindeer and musk-sheep to emigrate to Arctic latitudes better 

 fitted for the needs of their hfe. On the other hand, the disap- 

 pearance or extension of the hippopotamus, of certain species of 

 rhinoceros, and of the great carnivora may have been the result of 

 the increased cold of the winter. [W. B. D.] 



* Cat. Met. 1853, p. 79. 



t Congres scientifique de France, 1855, t. i. p. 270. 



\ Palasontographical Memoirs, 1868 (posthumous), vol. ii. p. 309 et seq. 



§ Palseontographica, vol. xi. no. 5, p. 233, pis. xxxr.-xliii. 



