Vol. 52.] IN YORKSHIRE AND LINCOLNSHIRE. 189 



at the time of my last visit the following section could with some 

 difficulty be made out on the steep southern side of the vale : — 



Ft. In. 

 White chalk not well exposed. 



6. Hard, pinkish and yellowish, nodular chalk seen for about 2 



5. Deep-red and yellowish nodular chalk. Belemnites minimus and 



fragments of Inoceramus abundant seen for about 2 



4. Soft, shaly, red chalk 3 



3. Hard, gritty, nodular red chalk. B. minimus abundant 1 



2. Yellow clayey marl with ferruginous grains. B. minimus and 

 Terebratula, sp. were found at this horizon apparently in place ; 

 but the conditions suggested a slight possibility of their having 



been washed down from the overlying red chalk about 1 



1. Coarse, pebbly, ferruginous sand of deep-brown colour well seen for 3-6 

 Total thickness probably about 12 feet. Pebbles range up to 2 

 inches in diameter, composed of oolitic ironstone and phos- 

 phatized nodules, with small black shining ' lydites,' quartz- 

 grains, etc. 

 Dark blue clay, referred to the Upper Lias. 1 



In this section the marly layer, No. 2, which appears to contain 

 sparingly certain characteristic tied Chalk fossils, distinctly suggests 

 a passage downward from the Red Chalk into the underlying un- 

 fossiliferous ferruginous sands ; and the latter deposit so closely 

 resembles the Lincolnshire Carstone in its general appearance and 

 in its relationship to the Red Chalk that I think we may un- 

 hesitatingly accept the Rev. J. P. Blake's proposal that it should be 

 correlated with the Carstone. 



Mr. W. Hill has suggested 2 that the character of the base of the 

 Red Chalk in general may be explained as resulting from the 

 ' working up ' of the underlying material during its deposition. 

 But I think that in the above section, as at Knap ton and at Speeton, 

 there is good evidence for an actual downward passage at this 

 horizon. The Yorkshire sections are thus in agreement with 

 those of Lincolnshire, in which county, as Mr. A. Strahan has shown, 3 

 there is everywhere the closest stratigraphical relationship between 

 the Red Chalk and the underlying Carstone, often with clear proof of 

 a gradual passage from one to the other. 



Traces of deposits similar to that of Scotten Dale occur in various 

 places both north and south of this locality, as at Wharram, 4 

 Leavening, 5 Givendale 6 , etc., but always of greatly reduced thick- 



1 Mem. Geol. Surv. ' Country N.E. of York and S. of Malton,' p. 10. 



2 W. Hill, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xliv. (1888) pp. 338, 355. 



3 A. Strahan, ' On the Relations of the Lincolnshire Carstone,' Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. vol. xlii. (1886) p. 486, also Mem. Geol. Surv. 1888, ' Country around 

 Lincoln,' p. 105. In these opinions Mr. A. J. Jukes-Browne does not concur 

 (Mem. Geol. Surv. 1887, ' East Lincolnshire,' p. 15, footnote). After examining 

 most of the Lincolnshire sections, however, I am convinced that Mr. Strahan's 

 views on this matter are correct. 



4 J. F. Blake, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. v. (1877) p. 245. 



5 W. Hill, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xliv. (1888) p. 341. 



6 J. F. Blake, Geol. Mag. 1874, p. 362. 



