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COL. II. W. FEILDEN ON THE GLACIAL GEOLOGY I Nov. 



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across the frozen tundra for eighteen days, 

 when on the 1st November we crossed 

 the Piatsoworyaha River, and on the fol- 

 lowing day, about 8 miles west of the 

 river, entered a most interesting region. 

 Right in front, and away to the north- 

 ward, there spread the amphitheatre of 

 an old bay, whose width would be about 

 15 miles, and its inmost reach at least 

 9 miles from the present seashore. Step 

 above step there ranged the old sea- 

 beaches, following the lines of the higher 

 land immediately behind them, and 

 girding with a terraced rampart the level 

 basin of salt marsh into which the waves 

 once rolled. The beaches themselves were 

 now thickly covered with grass, and the 

 grass with snow : but walking along the 

 terraces I found several pools of salt 

 water, and a number of recumbent pine- 

 trees — one of which I measured, to find 

 it was 40 feet long, and 2 feet in diameter 

 at the thickest end.' From this it would 

 appear that we are justified in assuming 

 that the secular elevation of what is now 

 the Eolshaia Zemelskija tundra was co- 

 incident with the emergence of the island 

 of Kolguev, with its marine boreal beds 

 now rising to a height of 250 feet above 

 the sea. Further, I think that the carto- 

 graphers of maximum glaciation in Europe 

 should hesitate before extending an ice- 

 sheet over that wide region lying between 

 the Timan and Ural ranges, north of the 

 Arctic Circle. 



In order to connect our survey of the 

 Arctic coast of Europe with the islands of 

 Novaya Zemlya, I will agnin quote from 

 Mr. F. G. Jackson, who, so far as I am 

 aware, is the only educated person who 

 has traversed the island of Waigatz in its 

 entirety, and his observations are of 

 interest when taken in conjunction with 

 mine on Gooseland in Novaya Zemlya. 

 From Mr. Jackson we learn that there 

 are two main ridges on Waigatz, that on 

 the eastern side composed of limestone 

 and limestone-shale running in a north- 

 west to south-easterly direction, and 

 having a general elevation of from 150 to 





