Vol. 52.] ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. CXV 



Those of the section Porttjnid2B met with in a fossil state 

 comprise : — Carcinus peruviensis from the Cretaceous, Peru, and 

 C. mamas, subfossil, Jarrow Docks, Newcastle-on-Tyne ; Portunites 

 incerta, Bell, London Clay, Sheppey, and Portunites, sp., Miocene, 

 Malta; Titanocarcinus serratifrons, from the Cretaceous, Ciply, 

 Belgium ; and five other species from the Nummuliiic and Miocene 

 of Italy and France ; Cyamocarcinus angustifrons, Bittner, Eocene, 

 Schio ; Goniosoma antiqua, Milne-Edw., Nummulitic Limestone, Sal- 

 cedon, Northern Italy, and Menippe Chauvinii, Upper Eocene, Noyon, 

 France. Scylla Michelini from the Miocene of Anjou, and S. serrata, 

 Miocene, Malta, Quaternary, Philippines, and also living in the seas- 

 of the East Indies. Goniosoma antiqua and Achelous obtusus are 

 from the Upper Eocene of the Yicentino. Enoplonotns armatus 

 comes from the Miocene of Monte Bolca, and Psammocarcinus 

 Eerieartii is from the Lower Eocene of Meaux, France. BJtachisoma 

 bispinosa and R. echinata (H. Woodw.) are from the Lower Eocene 

 of Portsmouth. 



The Catometopa have the front of the carapace bent downwards 

 and broader in front, often subquadrate, but not rostrate. The 

 epistome is short, often almost linear. Here are placed the Gecar- 

 cinidae, the Ocypodidae, the Grapsidae, and the Pinnotheridae. It is 

 in this tribe that we meet with some of the most active and vigilant 

 running forms of Crustacea — the ' Land-crabs,' which inhabit the 

 warmer regions of the earth north and south of the Equator, and 

 are able to respire moist air with their gills on land, as effectively as 

 Cancer, Polybius, and others, breathe aerated water in the sea. 



The swift-footed Sand-crabs (Ocypoda) are exclusively terrestrial 

 animals, and can scarcely live for a single day in water ; in a much 

 shorter period, indeed, if kept in the water, a state of complete 

 relaxation occurs, and all voluntary movements cease. Members- of 

 this tribe are met with as far back as the Cretaceous period. 



In the Catometopa (represented by that interesting, active, and! 

 highly intelligent tribe the existing Land-crabs and Shore-crabs of 

 subtropical regions) the fossil forms are not nearly so numerous as 

 in the last division. 



Commencing with Podopilumnus Fittoni from the Greensand of 

 Lyme Regis, Dorset, and Lithopliylax in the Chalk, we meet with 

 Litoricola glabra, H. Woodw., and L. dentata in the Lower Eocene 

 of Portsmouth (see Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxix. 1873, pi. ii.) ; 

 (Edisoma ambiguum, in the London Clay of Sheppey; and an 

 undoubted Land-crab, Goniocypoda Edwardsii, H. Woodw., from 



