HARTMAN: ARCHEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES ON THE PACIFIC COAST OF COSTA RICA 3 
In a second Memoir it is my wish to describe ceramics representing the ‘“ Las 
Guacas”’ culture, and also to illustrate the articles made of metal, shell, bone, and 
other material, which have been unearthed. 
It is with satisfaction and the greatest pleasure that I use this opportunity to 
acknowledge my indebtedness and thankfulness for the courteous treatment and 
hospitality shown me everywhere during my travels in Costa Rica by the cultivated 
inhabitants of this prosperous and peaceful republic. Special thanks for the assist- 
ance and information accorded me are due to the Minister of Public Instruction, Dr. 
Leonidas Pacheco, who provided me with the most effective letters of reeommenda- 
tion to the civil authorities, to Professor H. Pittier de Fabrega, Director of the 
National Museum, Messrs. Minor C., and John Keith of the United Fruit Company 
for the gift of valuable archeological specimens and other courtesies, the Costa Rica 
Railroad Company for shipping facilities, Sr. Don Mauro Fernandez, President of 
the Costa Rica Bank, Mr. Charles Ahl, Professor Pablo Biolley, Sr. Don Anastasio 
Alfaro, the late Dr. Juan F. Ferraz, Count v. Braida, Dr. José C. Zeledon, Sr. Don 
Juan Cooper, Sr. Don José Angel Troyo, Consul Felix Wiss, Mr. Alfred Brade, the 
Rey. J. M. Velasco, Sr. Don Saturnino Lizano, the Governor of Puntarenas, Srs. Don 
Juan J. Matarrita, Don Antonio Carillo, and several others, not named, but not for- 
gotten. During the progress of this work I obtained the favor of the loan of a num- 
ber of archeological specimens, principally objects of jade from Mexico, which have 
been reproduced for comparison. For this courtesy I am indebted to the owner, Mr. 
George G. Heye of New York City. Finally my most sincere thanks are due to the 
Director of the Carnegie Museum, Dr. W. J. Holland, not only for the facilities he 
gave me for prosecuting this work, but also for his kindness in revising the manuscript 
and his editorial supervision of the paper during its progress through the press. 
I. ORIGINAL RESEARCHES OF THE WRITER AT LAS GUACAS, 
IN THE PENINSULA OF NICOYA. 
I. Discovery AND EARLY History or NIcoya. 
On the 25th of September, 15138, Vasco Nufiez de Balboa discovered, and on the 
29th he took formal possession of the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown. 
In the year 1519 Pedrarias Davila, the Governor of Castilla del Oro, founded 
Panama and began to devote special attention to the exploration of the Pacific 
Coast. He sent Captain Gaspar de Espinosa northward with some ships to make 
discoveries along the coast. Espinosa reached the province of Burica, a little more 
than one hundred leagues from Panama, and from this point he returned by land 
